paper 2

Question 1

electric current

Answer 1

is the flow of the electrons or ions

Question 2

when do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 2

when molten or in solution

Question 3

why can’t solid ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 3

because the ions aren’t able to move around

Question 4

why can dissolved ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 4

when it is dissolved the ions separate and are able to move in the solution

Question 4

why can molten ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 4

the ions are able to move when an ionic compound melts

Question 5

how are metals held together?

Answer 5

by metallic bonding

Question 6

how does metallic bonding occur?

Answer 6

• metals have a giant structure of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons
• electrostatic attractions between nuclei of positive ions and the electrons

Question 7

metallic bonding

Answer 7

the electrostatic attractions between the nuclei of the positive ions and the electrons

Question 8

why are metals good conductors of electricity and heat?

Answer 8

• delocalised electrons move
• metals conduct electricity
• energy can be transferred through material

Question 9

why are metals malleable?

Answer 9

the layers of ions in a metal can slide over each other

Question 10

what does malleable mean?

Answer 10

e.g. metals can be hammered

Question 11

what does condensation polymerisation usually involve?

Answer 11

two different types of monomer

Question 12

what does each monomer in a condensation polymerisation contain?

Answer 12

at least two functional groups

Question 13

what monomers make up polyesters?

Answer 13

dicarboxylic acid monomers + diol monomers

Question 14

dicarboxylic acid monomers contain what?

Answer 14

two carboxylic acid groups -COOH

Question 15

diol monomers contain what?

Answer 15

two alcohol groups -OH

Question 16

what bond forms when the carboxylic acid group and the alcohol group react?

Answer 16

ester bond O=C-O

Question 17

what reaction forms polyesters?

Answer 17

a condensation reaction and a molecule of water is lost

Question 18

biodegradable polyesters are called what?

Answer 18

biopolyesters

Question 19

biopolyesters

Answer 19

can be broken down by bacteria and other living organisms, meaning that they decompose and don’t stay in landfill forever

Question 20

state the name of the first four alcohols

Answer 20

methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol

Question 21

give two uses of esters?

Answer 21

can be used in perfumes and to make food flavourings