PAPER 2

Question 1

anion

Answer 1

negatively charged ion

Question 2

anode

Answer 2

positive electrode

where negatively charged ions lose electrons, becoming oxidised

where oxygen is produced unless the solution contains halides, then the halogen is produced

Question 3

cathode

Answer 3

negative electrode

where positively charged ions gain electrons in reduction

where hydrogen is produced if the metal in the electrolyte is more reactive than hydrogen

Question 4

cation

Answer 4

positively charged ion

Question 5

electrode

Answer 5

solid conductive metal through which electricity can flow

positive and negative electrodes are used in electrolysis to conduct electricity

Question 6

electrolysis

Answer 6

the splitting up of an ionic compound using electricity

electric current passes through a substance, causing chemical reactions at the electrodes which lead to decomposition

Question 7

electrolyte

Answer 7

solution containing free ions from a molten or aqueous ionic substance

the ions are free to move and carry charge

Question 8

malleable

Answer 8

the ability of a material to be deformed/mouled into various shapes

Question 9

metallic bond

Answer 9

electrostatic forces of attraction between positive metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 10

molar volume

Answer 10

the volume occupied by one mole of gaseous molecules

Question 11

molar volume at RTP

Answer 11

the volume occupied by one mole of gaseous molecules at room temp.

ALWAYS 24DM^3

Question 12

Solubility

Answer 12

the maximum mass of a solute that can be dissolved in 100g of solvent

Question 13

alloy

Answer 13

a combination of two or more metallic elements

alloys are greater in strength and more resistant to corrosion than pure metals

Question 14

ores

Answer 14

a type of rock containing metal compounds in abundant amounts

Question 15

reduction with carbon

Answer 15

process used to extract metals from their oxides

*when the metal is LESS reactive than CARBON

the metal oxide is heated with carbon so carbon reduces the metal oxide

Question 16

titration

Answer 16

a technique used where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution

Question 17

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 17

reached by reversible reactions when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction

the concentration of reactants and products remains constant

Question 18

effect of pressure on equilibrium

Answer 18

increasing pressure causes equilibrium position to shift towards the side with the smaller number of moles of gas

decreasing pressure causes equilibrium position to shift towards the side with the larger number of moles of gas

Question 19

effect of temperature on equilibrium

Answer 19

increasing temperature will shift equilibrium position in the endothermic direction

decreasing temperature will shift equilibrium in the exothermic direction

Question 20

overall energy change of reaction

Answer 20

the difference between the sum of energy needed to break bonds in the reactants and the sum of energy released when bonds in the products are formed

Question 21

addition polymerisation

Answer 21

reaction in which many small molecule monomers bond together to form a long chain polymer

Question 22

alcohols

Answer 22

organic compounds with the functional group -OH

first four members of the homologous series are methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol

can be oxidised by carboxylic acids or by reacting with potassium dichromate (VI)

can be formed by alkenes by the reaction with steam and a phosphoric acid catalyst

Question 23

carboxylic acids

Answer 23

organic compounds with the functional group -COOH

first four members of the homologous series are methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid

they have typical acidic properties

Question 24

condensation polymerisation

Answer 24

reactions in which monomers join together and lose small molecules, such as water

these involve monomers with two functional groups

Question 25

ester

Answer 25

product of condensation reactions between carboxylic acids and alcohols have the functional group -COO- have distinct, vinegary smells used in perfumes & flavourings

Question 26

fermentation

Answer 26

chemical process by which glucose is broken down anaerobically ethanol is produced when sugar solutions are fermented with yeast

Question 27

microbial oxidation

Answer 27

oxidation of a substance by microorganisms ethanol undergoes microbial oxidation to form methanoic acids process by which alcohols are oxidised by carboxylic acids

Question 28

polyester

Answer 28

category of polymers with the ester functional group in the main chain formed by condensation reactions between diols and dicarboxylic acids