Paper 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
How do you test to see which of 2 metals is more reactive than the other?
By observing how vigorous its reaction is with water or dilute hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
What are the 2 reactions used to find which of two metals is more reactive?
- Metal+ water → metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
- M.A.S.H - metal + acid → salt and hydrogen
The more reactive the metal is, the more vigorously it will react/ produce bubbles faster/ release more heat.
You then test the bubbles to confirm that they are hydrogen
What is the order of elements in the reactivity series?
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
HYDROGEN
Copper
Silver
Gold.
What is the mnemonic for the order of reactivity series?
Kane Never Lies Calmly Many Always Come Zip Forward Hoping Club Accepts Achievement.
How is electrolysis of molten metal ionic compounds different from electrolysis of aqueous solution of metal ionic compound?
Electrolysis of molten ionic compounds only involves the ions of the metal ionic compound, while electrolysis of aqueous solutions also involves the ions of water.
What are the ions of water for electrolysis of aqueous solutions?
H⁺ and OH⁻.
What is the example reaction for electrolysis of molten metal ionic compounds?
Molten lead bromide.
What are the examples for electrolysis of aqueous metal ionic compounds?
Sodium chloride, Dilute sulfuric acid, Copper(II) sulfate.
Why does electrolysis only occur in ionic compounds?
Electrolysis relies on a flow of current. Molten ions have ions that can move freely, while covalent compounds do not have ions and cannot conduct electricity.
Explain why metals conduct electricity.
Metals have delocalised electrons that are free to move throughout the structure.
What happens at the anode and cathode in electrolysis of molten metal ionic compounds?
Positive ions (always the metal) go to the cathode, and negative ions (always the non-metal from the compound) go to the anode.
What happens at the cathode during electrolysis of aqueous metal ionic compounds?
H⁺ ion from water and +ions from the compound go to the cathode. Whichever of the two is easier to reduce (less reactive) is produced. If the metal is more reactive than hydrogen, hydrogen gas is produced; if the metal is less reactive, the metal is produced.
What happens at the cathode during electrolysis of aqueous non-metal ionic compounds?
The non-metal cation cannot be reduced, so hydrogen gas is always produced.ss
What happens at the anode in electrolysis of both aqueous solutions of metal and non-metal ionic compounds?
Both the anion from the ionic compound and the OH⁻ from the water go to the anode. If the anion from the ionic compound is a halide, halide gas is produced; if there is no halide present, oxygen is produced.
What temperature and pressure is required to react ethene with steam?
300°C and 60–70 atmospheres.
Explain why the reaction: ethanoic acid + ethanol → ethyl ethanoate + water has an enthalpy change of 0 kJ/mol.
The same bonds that are broken on one side are formed on the other side. The bond energy of bonds broken equals the bond energy of bonds formed.
What is the pH of a solution that contains OH⁻ ions?
The solution will be alkaline, and the pH will be above 7.
What is the pH of a solution that contains H⁺ ions?
The solution will be acidic, and the pH will be below 7.
Define reversible reaction.
In a closed system, when the products of a reaction can react with each other to form reactants, and when the reaction goes both directions.
Define dynamic equilibrium.
In a closed system, when the rate of both reactions are equal, and the concentrations of the reactants and products are constant.
What factors are changed to move the position of equilibrium in dynamic equilibrium?
Pressure or temperature.
What does moving the position of equilibrium to the right mean in dynamic equilibrium?
Moving the position of equilibrium to give more product and less reactant.
What does moving the position of equilibrium to the left mean in dynamic equilibrium?
Moving the position of equilibrium to give more reactant and less product.
What temperature changes can be made to move the position of equilibrium and which sides do they favour?
Increase temperature = increases concentration on the endothermic side. Decrease temperature = increases concentration on the exothermic side.
