Paper 2 Flashcards
Where are T cells made and matured
Made in bone marrow, matures in thymus
What are leukocytes
White blood cells
What are erythrocytes
Red blood cells
Whats an autoimmune disease
Organisms own immune system doesnt recognise it’s own antigens so fights against itself
Species richness is
Number of different species in an area
Species evenness is
Abundance of each species in an area
Whats a physiological adaptation
Process inside the organisms body to help it survive
Whats an anatomical adaptation
Structural feature of an organism
Convergent evolution is
When two species evolve similar characteristics independantly (due to their environment)
What are transcription factors
Proteins that bind to DNA to switch genes on or off by increasing or decreasing the rate of transcription
What are introns
DNA sections that dont code for amino acids
What does cyclic AMP do
Activates proteins by altering their 3D structure
Non sense mutation
Substitution of base leads to premature stop codon
Mis sense mutation
Leads to different amino acid being coded for
Is DNA + or - charge
Negative
Temps needed for PCR
Heat to 95C (break H bonds)
Then cool to 50-65C (allow primers to bind)
Reheat to 72C (so dna polymerase can work)
