Paper 2 Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
4 parts to a training programme
A
1) plan (aim+design)
2) develop
3) monitor
4) evaluate
2
Q
Physical health benefits of exercise
A
Stronger bones (reduced chance of osteoporosis) Reduced chance of stroke and CHD (low blood pressure) Less chance of obesity (burn fat)
3
Q
Why is low cholesterol good
A
Blood vessels are less restricted
4
Q
Negative physical effects of of exercise
A
Heart attack/stroke (overexertion)
Overuse injuries
Less effective immune system
5
Q
Positive emotional effects of exercise
A
Stress relief (serotonin increased and take mind off problems) Competition (win feels good) Reduce boredom Aesthetic appreciation Increase in self-esteem/confidence
6
Q
Negative emotional effects of exercise
A
Depression may be caused by injury
7
Q
Positive social effects of exercise
A
Meet friends/make new friends
Less involvement in antisocial behaviour
Improve cooperation (team work)
8
Q
Negative social effects of exercise
A
Less time with family if professional
9
Q
Lifestyle choices that effect sporting ability
A
Diet Anorexia Obesity Lack of nutrients Low activity levels Work/rest/sleep balance Alcohol/smoking/drugs
10
Q
Examples of diseases caused by lack of nutrients
A
Rickets- lack of vitamin D/calcium
Scurvy - Lack of vitamin C (tiredness)
Osteoporosis- lack of calcium
11
Q
Sedentary lifestyle
A
Limited or no physical activity
12
Q
What is a possible reason for an increase in number of people living a sedentary lifestyle
A
Where there’s limited or no physical activity
13
Q
Health risks of sedentary lifestyle and why they are caused
A
Heart disease (high blood pressure+low cholesterol)
Type 2 diabetes - (overweight)
Obesity - (reduced metabolic rate+inactivity)
Osteoporosis (lack of weight bearing)
Loss of muscle tone/poor posture
Poor fitness
Depression
14
Q
Define overweight
A
A person weighs more than expected for their height and sex
15
Q
Define overfat
A
More body fat than you should have
16
Q
Define obese
A
Very overfat
BMI of more than 30
17
Q
7 nutrients we need in our diet
A
Carbohydrates Vitamins Water Protein Minerals Fibre Fats
18
Q
Define a balanced diet
A
Eating a variety of food from all different groups in the correct proportions
19
Q
Define nutrient
A
Something that gives nourishment to the body
20
Q
What are the macronutrients
A
Carbs
Fats
Proteins
21
Q
Why are carbs important
A
Provide us with energy for aerobic and anaerobic
22
Q
Why are fats important
A
Easily stored and give energy for aerobic respiration
23
Q
Why are proteins important
A
Aid muscle growth and repair (hypotrophy)
24
Q
What are micronutrients
A
All vitamins and minerals
25
What do vitamin D and calcium do
Vitamin D - helps body absorb calcium
| Calcium - keeps bones strong
26
What are 2 important things in the diet that are not nutrients
Water and fibre
27
What are water and fibre needed for
Water - prevents dehydration
| Fibre - aids digestive system
28
Define optimum weight
The ideal weight for a person to be
29
What does optimum weight depend on
Bone structure
Height
Sex
Muscle girth
30
What is dietary manipulation
Planning exactly what you eat to help optimise performance
31
What is important about protein intake
It should occur after activity to help maximise repair of muscle tissue and aid growth during training
32
What is carb loading
Increasing carbs stored as glycogen in the muscles to provide energy for performance
Eating carbs 1-4 days before activity
Reduce activity in this time
Reduce fibre intake
33
Why is water crucial for a sports person
To stay hydrated as water is lost through sweat otherwise
| Muscles cramp, fatigue and nausea could occur
34
What is classification of skills recorded on
A continuum
35
What are the 3 continua in classification of skills
Open ______ closed
Basic (simple) ________ complex
Low organisation _____ high
36
Open skills and example
Skills affected by the surrounding environment
| Eg dribbling in football
37
Closed skills and example
Not affected by environment
| Eg penalty in football
38
Basic skill and example
Requires little thought
| Eg running
39
Complex skill and example
Require a lot of thought
| Eg dribbling past defenders
40
Low organisation skill and example
Have clear separate phases
| Eg triple jump
41
High organisation skills and example
Have phases that are not easily broken down
| Eg tumbling in trampolining
42
Masses practice definition and example
Little or no breaks in a session
| Eg basket ball shots
43
Advantage and disadvantage of massed practice
Skill can be grooved
Boring, tiring
44
Massed practice is good for what type of performer and skill
Performer:
Experienced, skilled, motivated
Fit
```
Skill:
Simple
Closed
Low organisation
Not dangerous
```
45
Distributed practice definition and example
There are breaks in session providing rest periods and changes of activity
Eg five rugby kicks
46
Advantages and disadvantages of distributed practice
Performer not too tired or bored
May not gain the skill in time provided
47
Distributed practice is good for what type of performer and skill
Performer:
Beginner/not skilled
Young
Not very fit
```
Skill:
Complex
Open
High organisation
Dangerous
```
48
Fixed practice and example
Whole movement is repeatedly practiced so is well learned
It is not broken into smaller parts
Eg golf swing
49
What type of skill is fixed practice good for
A closed skill
50
Variable practice definition and example
Same skill repeated in different situations so that performer has experienced different possible moments
Eg football free kicks
51
What skill is good for variable practice
Mainly open
52
What are some of the values of goal setting
```
Motivation
Focus
Standard can be high
Progress can be monitored
Training can be planned
```
53
What are the SMART targets
```
S pecific
M easurable
A cheivable
R ealistic
T ime bound
```
54
4 types of guidance
Visual
Verbal
Manual
Mechanical
55
What is visual guidance and who is it good for
Performer is shown a demonstration of what to do
| Beginners
56
Advantages and disadvantages of visual guidance
- can see what is correct
- can be done with groups
- may still not understand how to do it
- time consuming
- good coach needed for demonstration
57
What is verbal guidance and who’s it good for
Performer is told how to correct technique
| More experienced performer
58
Advantages and disadvantages of verbal guidance
Given quickly
Used during performance
No equipment required
May be hard to explain
Relies on good communication
59
Manuel guidance and example
Coach physically supports performer
| Eg somersault in trampolining
60
Advantages and disadvantages of manual guidance
Get a feel for movement
Build confidence
Break down movement into phases
Not same as when unaided
May become dependent on it
Bad coaching may lead to wrong technique
Only 1-2-1
61
Mechanical guidance with exampl
Using equipment to aid practice
| Eg harness in somersault on trampoline
62
Advantages and disadvantages of mechanical guidance
Get a feel
Build confidence
Reduce danger
Not same as unaided
Become dependant on it
Bad coaching leads to poor technique
Not usually with large group
63
4 types of feedback
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Concurrent
Terminal
64
What is mental rehearsal
Mentally picturing a skill before performing it
| Eg rugby kick
65
How do socio economic groups effect participation in sport
Cost
Availability
Time
66
How do genders effect participation in sport
Image (eg dance and rugby)
Cost
Time
67
How does age effect participation in sport
Access
Cost
Time
Nature of activity (intensity)
68
How does disability effect participation in sport
Availability (facilities)
Cost
Access
Stereotype
69
What is the relationship between commercialisation, media and sport/physical activity known as and why
The golden triangle
| Each gives the others benefits
70
Commercialisation
Organisation uses sport and media to advertise themselves via advertisement, sponsorship and endorsement
71
Media
Provide entertainment by showing or reporting on sport so have a large audience that organisations use as a platform to advertise
72
Physical activity and sport
Media and advertisement funds performers and sporting associations so that they can buy facilities, equipment and have large competitions
73
Advantages of commercialisation for sponsor
- platform for advertisement
- brand gets good reputation if associated with high quality
- more exposure if a big event
74
Advantages of commercialisation for sport
- media coverage causes greater interest so more commercialisation
- afford to run large events
- develop better facilities
- inspire young people
75
Advantages of commercialisation for performer
- paid to endorse products
- receive products to improve
- allows them to train full time
76
Advantages of commercialisation for spectator
- more coverage
- top events
- replays
- red button
77
Disadvantages of commercialisation for sponsor
- may not get large views so less exposure
| - might be associated with negativity
78
Disadvantages of commercialisation for sport
- clothing and rules change
- fixture times and length of season change
- break in play for ads
- minority sports not shown so less participation and lack of sponsorship
- bad reporting give sport bad reputation
79
Disadvantages of commercialisation for performer
- Event time change
- losing sponsor causes financial problems
- may have places to go so less time training
- pressure to win
- restricted clothing/equipment
- no privacy
80
Disadvantages of commercialisation for spectator
- height cost for tv
- high cost for merchandise
- minority sports not shown
- sponsors get best tickets (hospitality)
81
Sportsmanship definition
Morally correct behaviour
| Eg kicking ball out for injury
82
Gamesmanship definition
Bending the rules to gain advantage or morally incorrect
| Eg waste time
83
Deviance
Breaking the rules of a sport
| Eg drugs, cheating, match fixing, racism, sexism
84
Why are people deviant
- pressure to win
- prizes
- money
85
Consequences of deviant behaviour
```
Sent off
Ban
Fine
Lose sponsor
Lose reputation
Prison
```
86
How are they attempting to reduce deviant behaviour
Random drug test
Campaigns eg say no to racism
Fair play awards
