Paper 2 Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Define scalar quantity:
A
a number
2
Q
Define vector quantity:
A
a number with direction
3
Q
Give an example of a contact force:
A
push
4
Q
Give an example of a non-contact force:
A
wieght
5
Q
How do you calculate resultant force?
A
sum of forces
6
Q
What is the difference between mass and gravity?
A
Mass is always the same yet weight is dependent on gravity
7
Q
What is the equation linking weight, mass and gravity?
A
weight = mass x gravity
8
Q
What are the units for weight?
A
newtons
9
Q
What are the units for mass?
A
kg
10
Q
What are the units for gravity?
A
9.81 newtons/kg
11
Q
What is the equation linking work, force and distance?
A
work = force x distance
12
Q
What are the units for work?
A
joules
13
Q
What are the units for force?
A
newtons
14
Q
What are the units for distance?
A
metres
15
Q
How do you convert between joules and newton-metres?
A
1 joule = 1 newton/metre
16
Q
What happens to an elastic object up to the limit of proportionality?
A
keep extending
17
Q
What happens to an elastic object after the limit of proportionality?
A
no more extension
18
Q
What is the equation linking force, the spring constant and extension?
A
force = spring constant x extension
19
Q
What are the units for force?
A
newtons
20
Q
What are the units for spring constant?
A
newtons/metre
21
Q
What are the units for extension?
A
metres
22
Q
What is the equation linking elastic potential energy, the spring constant and extension?
A
Elastic potential energy = 1/2 spring constant x extension^2
23
Q
What are the units for elastic potential energy?
A
Joules
24
Q
What is a fluid?
A
liquid or gas
25
Can a fluid be compressed?
gases yes, liquids no
26
What is the equation linking pressure, force and area?
pressure = force/area
27
What are the units for pressure?
Pascals
28
What are the units for area?
Meters^2
29
Is distance a scalar or vector quantity?
scalar
30
Is displacement a scalar or vector quantity?
vector
31
Is speed a scalar or vector quantity?
scalar
32
Is velocity a scalar or vector quantity?
vector
33
What is the equation linking distance, velocity and time?
distance = velocity x time
34
What are the units for distance?
metres
35
What are the units for velocity?
metres/second
36
What are the units for time?
seconds
37
How do you calculate speed on a distance-time graph?
gradient of the line
38
When can an object have a constant speed but remain accelerating?
If it is changing direction e.g. in a circle
39
How do you calculate distance traveled from a velocity-time graph?
looking at area below the graph
40
What is acceleration?
change in velocity/time
41
How do you calculate acceleration from a velocity-time graph?
gradient
42
What is the equation linking acceleration, change of velocity and time?
acceleration = change in velocity/ time
43
What are the units for acceleration?
meters/second^2
44
What are the units for change in velocity?
meters/second
45
What are the units of time?
seconds
46
What is the equation linking final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration and distance?
final velocity^2 - initial velocity^2 = 2 x acceleration x distance
47
If an object is falling due to gravity what acceleration does it have?
9.8m/s^2
48
Define terminal velocity:
velocity an object is travelling when all forces are equal
49
How is an object moving if the resultant force is zero?
- stationary - not moving
| - moving - moving at a constant speed
50
What is newtons first law?
An object will remain stationary or travelling at a constant speed unless acted upon by external forces
51
Define inertia:
Where something keeps doing what it is doing unless acted upon by external forces
52
What is the equation linking force, mass and acceleration?
force = mass x acceleration
53
What is stopping distance?
(thinking distance or reaction time) + braking distance
54
Give two factors that can affect reaction time:
- consumption of alcohol, illegal drugs or being tired - negative
- consumption of caffeine - positive
55
Give two factors that can affect braking distance:
- weight of the car
| - condition of road
56
What factors can cause an object to sink or float?
density and surface area
57
What is the equation linking pressure, height, density and gravitational field strength?
Pressure = height x density x gravitational field strength (9.8)
58
What are the units for pressure?
Pascals
59
What are the units for height?
metres
60
What are the units for density?
kg/metres^3
61
What are the units and value of gravitational field strength?
9.8 newtons/kg
62
What is the law of conservation of the momentum?
momentum has to be conserved
63
What is the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity?
Momentum = mass x velocity
64
What are the units for momentum?
kg m/s
65
What are the units for veocity?
metres/second
66
Define amplitude:
Distance from middle to the the top of the wave
67
Define wavelength:
Distance between waves
68
What is the equation linking time period and frequency?
Time period = 1/frequency
69
What are the units for time period?
second
70
What are the units for frequency?
Hz
71
What is the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength?
Speed = wavelength x frequency
72
What are the units for wavelength?
meteres
73
What are the units for wave speed?
meters/second
74
What is the order of the electromagnets?
radio, micro, infra-red, Visible light, ultra violet, gamma and x-ray
75
What can radio waves be used for?
communication
76
What can microwaves be used for?
cooking
77
What can infrared be used for?
heat sensing
78
What can visible light be used for?
camera/film
79
What can ultra violet be used for?
security purposes
80
What can gamma rays be used for?
cleaning or treating foods/ cancer treatment
81
What can x-rays be used for?
used to see broken bones
82
What happens when a wave is diffracted?
it spreads out
83
What happens when a wave is refracted?
changes direction
84
Why does refraction happen?
the wave changes speed as it moves through one medium into another
85
Which surfaces absorb radiation?
dark/ Matt surfaces
86
Which surfaces emit radiation?
dark surfaces
87
What happens when you place like pole on a magnet next to each other?
repel
88
What happens when you place unlike pole on a magnet next to each other?
attract
89
Which materials are magnetic?
iron
90
What is the direction of the magnetic field?
North to south
91
How do you change strength of an electromagnet?
change of current, or length of wire
92
Define magnetic flux-density:
The magnetic flux in an area
93
What is the equation linking force, magnetic flux density, current and length?
force = magnetic flux density x current x length
94
What are the units for magnetic flux-density?
testlas
95
What are the units for current?
amp
96
What is the equation linking voltage at the primary coil, number of turns on the primary coil, voltage at the secondary coil, and number of turns on the secondary coil?
Vp/Vs = Np/Ns
97
What are the units for voltage at the primary coil and voltage at the secondary coil?
volts
98
What is the equation linking voltage at the secondary coil, voltage at the primary coil, and current at the primary coil?
Vs x Is = Vp x Ip
99
What is the equation linking moment, force and distance?
moment = force x distance
100
What are the units for moment?
Nm
101
What are the units for force?
Newtons
102
What are the units for distance?
meteres
103
What happens to an object if the clockwise and anticlockwise forces are balanced?
remain balanced so nothing will happen
104
What happens to an object if the clockwise and anticlockwise forces are unbalanced?
Turning effect
105
What is the equation linking force, change in velocity and change in time?
Force = m x change in velocity/change in time
106
What image is formed by a converging lens?
real image
107
When can a converging lens be useful?
long sighted
108
When should a diverging lens be used?
short sighted
109
What image is formed by a diverging lens?
virtual image
110
How do you calculate magnification?
image height/object height
111
What are the units for magnification?
no units
112
What is the order of light in the visible spectrum?
red, orange, green, blue, indigo, violet
113
What does opaque mean?
can't see through it
114
What does transparent mean?
see through it
115
What does translucent mean?
can see light but not shapes
116
What happens to light when it passes through a filter?
certain wave lengths are absorbed and don't pass through
117
How do sound waves travel?
longitudinal waves
118
What is the range of human hearing?
20Hz to 20,000Hz
119
What is a P-wave?
longitudinal wave - fast - through solids and liquids
120
What is an S-wave?
Transverse wave, travels through solids
