Paper 2

Question 1

What 4 things effect rate of reaction?

Answer 1

• Temperature
• Surface Area
• Concentration of solution/pressure of gas
• Presence of catalyst

Question 2

What 3 things does the position of equilibrium?

Answer 2

• Temperature
• Pressure
• Concentration

Question 3

What direction does equilibrium move if you decrease the temperature?

Answer 3

To the exothermic side

Question 4

What direction does equilibrium move if you increase the temperature?

Answer 4

To the endothermic side

Question 5

If you increase the pressure, what side does equilibrium move to?

Answer 5

The side with fewer moles

Question 6

If you decrease the pressure, what side does equilibrium move to?

Answer 6

The side with more moles

Question 7

If you increase the concentration of the reactants, what happens to equilibrium?

Answer 7

Move to the products

Question 8

If you decrease the concentration of the reactants, what happens to the equilibrium?

Answer 8

Move to the reactants

Question 9

What are the 2 types of cracking?

Answer 9

Catalytic and steam

Question 10

What is the homologous series of carboxylic acids?

Answer 10

COOH

Question 11

alcohol + carboxylic acid = what?

Answer 11

Ester

Question 12

What is a pure substance?

Answer 12

A substance with only one compound or element

Question 13

What is a formulation?

Answer 13

A mixture with a precise purpose made by a formula

Question 14

What colour precipitate does calcium produce when mixed with NaOH?

Answer 14

White

Question 15

What colour precipitate does copper produce when mixed with NaOH?

Answer 15

Blue

Question 16

What colour precipitate does Iron (II) produce when mixed with NaOH?

Answer 16

Green

Question 17

What colour precipitate does Iron (III) produce when mixed with NaOH?

Answer 17

Brown

Question 18

What colour precipitate does aluminium produce when mixed with NaOH?

Answer 18

Clear

Question 19

What colour precipitate does magnesium produce when mixed with NaOH?

Answer 19

White

Question 20

What was the Earth’s atmosphere like in the first billion years?

Answer 20

Lots of volcanoes gave out nitrogen, water vapour, carbon dioxide and some methane and ammonia

Question 21

How did the atmosphere evolve after the first billion years?

Answer 21

The water vapour condensed to form oceans and lots of CO2 was removed as it dissolved
Algae evolved and gave out oxygen as they photosynthesised

Question 22

What are more flammable - short or long hydrocarbons?

Answer 22

Short

Question 23

What are more viscous - short or long hydrocarbons?

Answer 23

Long

Question 24

What have lower boiling points - short or long hydrocarbons?

Answer 24

Short

Question 25

What is the test for alkenes?

Answer 25

Bromine water - orange to colourless

Question 26

What is the formula for the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

Answer 26

Hydrocarbon + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide

Question 27

What is the formula for the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

Answer 27

Hydrocarbon + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide + carbon monoxide + carbon

Question 28

How would you describe an alkane?

Answer 28

A saturated hydrocarbon

Question 29

What is alkenes reaction with hydrogen called?

Answer 29

Hydrogenation

Question 30

When naming an ester, what does the first part come from?

Answer 30

The alcohol

Question 31

How do you make a polyester?

Answer 31

A diol and a dicarboxylic acid

Question 32

What is the test for halides?

Answer 32

Add nitric acid and silver nitrate - if a precipitate forms, a halide is present

Question 33

What colour precipitate do iodide ions give when mixed with silver nitrate?

Answer 33

Yellow

Question 34

What colour precipitate do bromide ions give when mixed with silver nitrate?

Answer 34

Cream

Question 35

What colour precipitate do chloride ions give when mixed with silver nitrate?

Answer 35

White

Question 36

How do you test for sulfate ions?

Answer 36

Add HCL and then barium chloride - if a white precipitate forms then sulfate ions are present

Question 37

When is CO2 produced?

Answer 37

complete combustion

Question 38

When is SO2 produced?

Answer 38

When there is sulfur impurities in the fossil fuels

Question 39

When is CO produced?

Answer 39

Incomplete combustion

Question 40

When are nitrogen oxides produced?

Answer 40

Oxidation of N2 in the air

Question 41

How are particulates made?

Answer 41

Burning diesel

Question 42

What is the first step of making water potable?

Answer 42

Passing the water through metal bars to remove large objects such as sticks

Question 43

What is the second step of making water potable?

Answer 43

The water goes into a settlement tank to get rid of the sand and soil

Question 44

What is the third step of making water potable?

Answer 44

The water is passed through a special filter made of sand and gravel to remove and mud or grit

Question 45

What is the fourth step of making water potable?

Answer 45

Add a bit of chlorine to kill bacteria

Question 46

What is the final step of making water potable?

Answer 46

Checking that the pH is 7

Question 47

Give 2 other methods of purifying water

Answer 47

- desalination | - reverse osmosis

Question 48

What is the first step of treating sewage?

Answer 48

Screening - removing large objects

Question 49

What is the second step of treating sewage?

Answer 49

Primary treatment - solid sediments settle and are removed to be treated

Question 50

What is the third step of treating sewage?

Answer 50

Secondary treatment - bacteria feed on and organic matter and harmful microorganisms

Question 51

What is the fourth step of treating sewage?

Answer 51

The water is sterilised and released into the river and the sludge is taken away to be used as biogas etc.

Question 52

What are the 4 parts to a Life Cycle Assessment?

Answer 52

Raw material extraction Manufacturing Use/Reuse/Maintenance Recycle