Paper 2

Question 1

Reflex vs normal response

Answer 1

Reflex response is automatic, more rapid and involves the relay neurone

Question 2

when an object is close

Answer 2

the lens is fat, the ciliary muscles contract and the suspensory ligaments relax

Question 3

when an object is far

Answer 3

the lens is thin the suspensory ligaments taught and the cilary muscles relaxed

Question 4

myopia

Answer 4

short sightedness

Question 5

hyperopia

Answer 5

long sighted

Question 6

causes of hyperopia

Answer 6

eye ball to short or lens too thin

Question 7

FSH

Answer 7

causes the egg to mature and the ovary to release oestrogen

Question 8

LH

Answer 8

causes ovulation

Question 9

oestrogen

Answer 9

causes the lining to grow and inhibits oestrogen production

Question 10

progesterone

Answer 10

maintains the uterus lining

Question 11

high blood sugar

Answer 11

insulin turn glucose into glycogen

Question 12

low blood sugar

Answer 12

glucagon turns glycogen into glucose

Question 13

tropism

Answer 13

a plants response to a directional stimulus

Question 14

phototropism

Answer 14

a plants response to light

Question 15

-ve phototropism

Answer 15

roots

Question 16

which part of the plant has a positive gravitropism?

Answer 16

the roots, they grow towards gravity

Question 17

hydrotropism

Answer 17

the plants response to water

Question 18

more concentrated auxins=

Answer 18

a faster rate of growth

Question 19

where is thermoregulation controlled?

Answer 19

the hypothalimus

Question 20

the kidney has…

Answer 20

selective reabsorbtion

Question 21

some things selectively reabsorbed are

Answer 21

glucose and ions

Question 22

waste products

Answer 22

urea

Question 23

dialysis positives

Answer 23

live longer, a permenant and fast solution

Question 24

dialysis negatives

Answer 24

bulky machine

Question 25

how does dialysis work

Answer 25

fluid with the same concentration of glucose runs either side of the blood, and urea is removed by diffusion

Question 26

transplant negatives

Answer 26

rejection, a course of immunosuppressants

Question 27

transplant positives

Answer 27

not bulky, doesnt require hours of dialysis treatment

Question 28

osmoregulation

Answer 28

the controlling of water in the body

Question 29

where is ADH released from

Answer 29

the pituartary gland

Question 30

if you have drank lots of water,

Answer 30

the pituartary gland releases less ADH, less travels to the collecting duct, so less is reabsorbed and in urine

Question 31

if you haven't drank lots of water

Answer 31

hypothalimus realises, pit gland releases lots of ADH, travels to the kidney via the blood, acts on collective ducts so less water reabsorbed

Question 32

structural adaptations

Answer 32

physical features, like a birds bill

Question 33

behavioural adaptations

Answer 33

things an organism does to survive, a call

Question 34

functional adaptations

Answer 34

inate abilities, such as the ability to photosynthesise

Question 35

environmental changes that disrupt species

Answer 35

temp changes, water avaliability, gases

Question 36

mitosis

Answer 36

diploid

Question 37

meiosis

Answer 37

haploid

Question 38

DNA backbone

Answer 38

sugar-phosphate

Question 39

C bonds to

Answer 39

G

Question 40

T bonds to

Answer 40

A

Question 41

each 3 letter sequence codes for

Answer 41

an amino acid

Question 42

a complex amino acid chain=

Answer 42

a protein

Question 43

polydactyl

Answer 43

dominant

Question 44

cycstic fibrosis

Answer 44

recessive

Question 45

A

Answer 45

adenine

Question 46

T

Answer 46

thymine

Question 47

C

Answer 47

cytosine

Question 48

G

Answer 48

guanine

Question 49

complementary strand produced=

Answer 49

trna

Question 50

selective breeding

Answer 50

breeding animals with desired characteristics

Question 51

genetic engineering

Answer 51

remove the plasmids from bacteria, open with an enzyme, place in human gene with desired characteristic, reproduce

Question 52

Lamark

Answer 52

if an organism used a particular feature many times, it would be passed down

Question 53

Fossils

Answer 53

the remains of living organisms that died billions of years ago found in rock and ice

Question 54

why are fossils found

Answer 54

the hard parts dont decay, they are replaced with minerals, conditions arent present

Question 55

fossils weakness

Answer 55

incomplete for many organisms, destroyed by geological activity. bacteria cant form fossils

Question 56

why is energy lost per tropic level?

Answer 56

not all grass is eaten, not all digestable, used for respiration