PAPER 2- Approaches

Question 1

Humanistic approach- what if too much congruence?

Answer 1

Approach that focuses on free will and believes we are capable of achieving self actualisation but only through congruence.

If gap between congruence and self actualisation too big= wont be able to achieve self actualisation due to too much negativity on self. Making choices may mean

Question 2

Humanistic approach

Answer 2

Refers to emphasise on free will

Question 2

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 2

Seeing the world from one owns cultural perspective + believing it’s correct for other cultures too

Question 3

AO3: Humanistic approach- Comparison to bio approach (-)

Answer 3

• Cultural bias towards Western individualism
• It emphasises self actualisation through personal success contradicting collectivist values of many cultures where group harmony and family are prioritised even at expense of individual needs.
• Suggest superiority towards Western individualistic norms by implying ppl from collectivist cultures are less capable of achieving self-actualisation.

Question 4

Self actualisation

Answer 4

Refers to the desire to grow psychologically and fulfil one’s full potential – becoming what
you are capable of.

Question 5

Congruence

Answer 5

Congruence refers to the alignment between one’s perceived self (self image) and ideal self (the person one aspires to be)

Question 6

Conditions of worth

Answer 6

Expectations from other that one must meet to earn their love or approval.

E.g. being good, passing exams

Question 7

MASLOW’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 7

1. Self actualisation- morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts, fulfilment
2. Esteem- self esteem, confidence, achievement, respect for others, respect by others
3. Love/belonging- friendship, family, sexual intimacy
4. Safety- Security, stability, freedom from fear
5. Physiological- breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion, shelter

Question 8

Free will

Answer 8

Conscious control over life

Question 9

ROGERS: Which 2 basic needs to people have?

Answer 9

1) Positive regard from others
2) Feelings of self worth (feeling good about ourselves) - develops in childhood, comes from parents and relationship with others