Paper 2: AS NE KT2 1066-87

Question 1

Harrying

Answer 1

A medieval term meaning to devastate or lay waste to an area.

Question 2

Magnate

Answer 2

A historical term for a powerful and influential man.

Question 3

March

Answer 3

An Anglo-Saxon term for a border region.

Question 4

Motte

Answer 4

A mound of earth on which a castle was built.

Question 5

Reconciliation

Answer 5

The process of former enemies forgiving each other.

Question 6

Tenants-in-chief

Answer 6

Large landholders in Norman England who held land directly from the king.

Question 6

Submission

Answer 6

A formal acceptance of and surrender to authority.

Question 7

Tenure and landownership

Answer 7

“To hold land”; refers to the feudal system of landholding.

Question 8

Vassal

Answer 8

Someone who held land in return for services to a Norman lord.

Question 9

Bailey

Answer 9

The outer part of a castle surrounding the motte, often protected by a fence or wall.

Question 10

Castellan

Answer 10

The governor of a castle and its surrounding land.

Question 11

Excommunication

Answer 11

Removal from the Church, preventing access to religious services and the community.

Question 12

Colonisation

Answer 12

The encouragement of immigration to another country.

Question 13

Genocide

Answer 13

A deliberate and organized attempt to exterminate a group of people.

Question 13

Forfeit

Answer 13

A punishment for committing a crime or breaking the law.

Question 14

Guerrilla war

Answer 14

When small bands attack a larger force using surprise tactics, then disappear into the local population.

Question 15

Events after Hastings

Answer 15

William was not recognised as King
Harolds army fled to London
Edgar Aethling crowned
Submission of the Earls

Question 16

Who was crowned after Hastings? Month?

Answer 16

Edgar Aethling, October 1066

Question 17

How did William get the throne? Where?

Answer 17

In Berkhamstead he met Edgar Aethling and Edwin and Morcar.
Edgar gave William the crown.

Question 18

What did William do after Hastings?

Answer 18

Stole treasure from Winchester
Controlled the coast destroying towns that would not submit
Encircled London
Met Edgar in Berkhamstead

Question 19

When was William crowned?

Answer 19

December 25th 1066

Question 20

How did William reward his followers? Who were they?

Answer 20

Anglo-Saxons- Edwin and Morcar kept their Earldoms, Stigand and Ealdred remained Archbishops
His followers-Owned all land and could give it away, Gave gifts to the pope

Question 21

How did William gain and keeppower?

Answer 21

Set up Geld tax to have money
Took all ownership of land
Tood Godwinsons land to give to followers
Created castles

Question 22

Marcher Earldom names?

Answer 22

Chester, Shrewsbury, Hereford

Question 23

Benefits of Marcher Earldoms

Answer 23

Small- Easy to control Exempt of tax- Reward loyalty, encourage spending Castles- Control Wales Divided wealth- Could not get too powerful

Question 24

How many castles did the Normas build?

Answer 24

500

Question 25

Name features of a motte and bailey castle?

Answer 25

Motte- Mound of earth that houses the keep Keep- Lookout tower Palisade-Fence Drawhouse- makes it more defendable Ditch- Protects from invasion has spikes Bailey- Troops and livestock

Question 26

How would Castles helo William?

Answer 26

Scaring Anglo Saxon people Providing protection for Normans Space to rule people from

Question 27

Reasons for the 1068 revolt

Answer 27

Dissatifaction with the Norman rule within nobility Morcar had his land seized Edwin was not allowed to marry William daughter

Question 28

Events of the 1068 revolt

Answer 28

Edwin and Morcar lost their power Renounced submission and gathered support Fortified cities William marched North and built castles Edwin and Morcar submitted again

Question 29

Consequences of the 1068 revolt

Answer 29

Edwin and Morcar weakened, Morcar imprisoned William had more castles to control the North