Paper 2: Britain 1880-1918 Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
Who were the two main parties in 1906?
A
The conservatives and the Liberals
2
Q
Who won the 1906 election?
A
The liberals won the 1906 election by a “landslide”
3
Q
What were some political reasons to help the poor?
A
- If they didn’t help them, the workers would riot and strike.
- if you helped the poor you could win votes
- in the 1903 Boa war, 2/3 men were too sick to fight so they didn’t have enough people to fight in the army
4
Q
What year was the Pensions Act in?
A
1908
5
Q
How much would a person over 70 (with no other income) receive per week as a pension?
A
A person over 70 would receive 5 shillings per week
6
Q
How much would married couples receive per week as the pension?
A
Married couples would recurve 7shillings 6d per week
7
Q
If you had an income of over £31 per week what could you not qualify for?
A
The state pension
8
Q
How long did you have to have been living in Britain for to receive the state pension?
A
20 years
9
Q
Who created the Pensions Act?
A
The Exchequer, David Lloyd George created the pension
10
Q
In the first year how many people collected their pensions?
A
650,000 people collected their pensions in the first year.
11
Q
Who referred to the liberals as the “nanny state”?
A
The conservatives called the liberals the “nanny state”
12
Q
How many free school meals were received by 1914?
A
14 million
13
Q
How many men were fit to fight in the Boa War in Manchester ?
A
1 out of 10
14
Q
What was the name of the book that Charles Booth wrote about poverty?
A
Life and Labour of the People of London
15
Q
Why did the rich oppose the liberal reforms?
A
- Because they resented tax rises
* they hated the new super tax of 1910
16
Q
Why did the House of Lords oppose the Liberal Reforms?
A
Because they thought that giving such little amounts away was a waste of money as it would do little to help.
Also they thought that making people pay taxes was interfering with people’s rights
17
Q
Why did insurance companies oppose the liberal reforms?
A
They were worried that they wouldn’t have any business left as the National Insurance Act was taking their business
18
Q
What did Lloyd George shout to show how much of a good deal the benefits were for the working men?
A
“9pence for 4 pence”
19
Q
What year was the national insurance act part 1 (sick pay)?
A
The national insurance act part 1- sick pay was introduced in 1911
20
Q
What year were the labour exchanges?
A
1909
21
Q
Name three social reformers and say what they did.
A
John Galt- took pictures of poverty cases and went to churches to ask for donations. He also helped people to get jobs.
Charles Booth- he set up a team of investigators to look at the poverty in London. They found that 31% of people were living below the poverty line
Rowntree- wrote a book about the poverty which was backed up by statistics
22
Q
The 1911 insurance act meant that workers could receive how much for illness for injury leave?
A
Workers could get 10s a week with a return fee of 4s per week.
23
Q
How much was the unemployment benefit and for how long could you claim it?
A
The dole gave people 15 weeks of 7s6d with a return of 2.5s per week.
24
Q
What was 4,3,2?
A
It was part of the national insurance act part 1:
Workers paid 4d
Employees paid in 3d
Government paid in 2d
25
What was the "rule of the thumb"?
The phrase came about during the 1800s during a court case about the beating of women, it meant that the only weapon that could be used on the wife was only allowed to be the width of a thumb.
26
Who were the NUWSS?
The NUWSS were the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, also known as the "suffragists"
27
What did the suffragists want to achieve?
The right to vote for women.
28
Who was the first elected president of the NUWSS?
Millicent Fawcett was the first elected president of the NUWSS
29
When were the NUWSS formed?
They were formed in 1897
30
Who did the unemployment benefit help the most (specific examples)?
It helped seasonal workers like the dockers or farmers
31
How many members did the NUWSS have by 1914?
They had over 100,000 members by 1914
32
What party particularly did not like the idea of votes for women?
The conservatives
33
What did Millicent Fawcett describe the NUWSS as?
A 'glacier- 'huge and unstoppable'
34
How many meetings did the NUWSS organise in 1914?
Over 400 meetings were organised in 1914
35
What class were members of the NUWSS?
Often middle class
36
How many branches did the suffragists have nationwide?
They had over 500 branches nationwide
37
Who were the WSPU?
The WSPU were the Women's Social and Political Union- also known as the suffragettes!
38
When and where were the WSPU founded?
Founded in 1903 in Manchester
39
Who founded the WSPU?
Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters, Christabel and Sylvia
40
What was the motto of the Suffragettes?
"DEEDS NOT WORDS"
41
Why did Emmeline Pankhurst start the WSPU?
Because she believed that the NUWSS were not achieving their goals by using non violent methods
42
What was an early method of the Suffragettes that they used to campaign in 1905?
In 1905 at the election, Christabel Pankhurst and Annie Kenny held up a "votes for women" banner trying to get the Liberals attention. They shouted "will the Liberal Government give women the vote?" This caused outrage within the government.
43
What year did the WSPU create a newspaper?
In 1907
44
What did the suffragettes do in 1908?
They chained themselves to the railings of important buildings like Downing st, Town halls and Buckingham palace.
They also started a window smashing campaign.
45
What did the suffragettes do in 1909 after being arrested?
They went on hunger strikes
46
What did the Suffragettes do in 1910?
They vandalised public buildings (like churches) and painted VOTES FOR WOMEN.
They also attempted to storm parliament (300suffragetes)
47
Name two events of the suffragettes in 1912.
They burnt down and fire-bombed buildings including Lloyd Georges Summer home.
Mary Leigh threw an axe at Herbert Asquiths head
48
What famous event happened in 1913 for the Suffragettes?
Emily Davidson dies after throwing herself at the Kings horse at the Derby.
49
Why did the suffragettes stop campaigning In 1914?
Because of WW1
50
When did women get the vote?
1918- immediately at the end of the war
51
What were some of the methods of protest that the suffragists used?
* letters to MPs
* petitions
* books and pamphlets
* huge processions
52
What were some strengths of the suffragists methods?
* huge popularity as they supported any mp that supported the vote
* responsible and respectable face of women
* carried on campaigning during the war when the suffragettes stopped
53
What were some weaknesses of the suffragists?
* too friendly
* easy to ignore
* achieved no political successes for 21 years before 1918
54
What were some strengths of the suffragettes?
* impossible to ignore
* war work of the suffragettes led to the attitudes of important men (like Asquith and the lords) being changed
* by keeping the attention on women's votes it led to more members joining the NUWSS
55
What were some weaknesses of the Suffragettes?
* little public popularity
* bad publicity
* the irresponsible face of women getting the vote
* no campaign during war
56
What was Emily Davidson referred to after her funeral?
A martyr or a saint
57
How many women joined the War effort and worked?
Over 2.5 million women joined the war effort.
58
What jobs were taken over by women that were formerly seen as "men's jobs"?
Engineering, bus drivers, bank clerks
59
What other things did women do in the war?
They formed the Land Army to grow foods on farms at times of rationing
60
How many women worked in munitions factories in the war making weapons and ammunition?
800,000 women worked In the munitions factories in the war
61
What was the nickname give to the women who worked in the Munitions factories?
"Munitionettes" or"Canaries" due to the colour of their skin after working with the dangerous chemicals
62
How many women marched in Hyde Park in the London Pilgrimage for the Suffragists?
50,000
63
How many women died for the suffrage cause before 1914?
3
64
How many women testified for sexual assault from police on Black Friday?
29
65
How many suffragette attacks were there on properties in 1913?
108
66
What was the minimum age for women to vote in 1918?
30
67
How many women could vote after 1918?
9 million
68
How many women were in the Land Army?
260,000 women were In the land army
69
Why was there a lack of good in the UK during the war?
Because German U-Boats cut off the supply ships in the Battle Of Atlantic
70
Why did women form professional football teams in the war?
To entertain the men left behind
71
How many bullets per day did British soldiers have before women helped in 1915?
3 bullets per day per man
72
How many shells were produced in 1915 for the war?
2million shells were produced in 1915
73
How many shells were produced in 1917 for the war when women started to help?
23 million shells were produced in 1917 with the help of women
74
What did DORA stand for?
The Defence Of The Realm Act
75
What was DORA?
it was a set of laws that mean the government gave control over everything
76
What year was DORA introduced in?
1914
77
Who was Lord Kitchener?
Lord Kitchener was the Government minister for war, he organised the campaign for Men and women to volunteer, he was also the face of the very famous poster "BRITONS WANTS YOU"
78
How much did the number of men being recruited fall?
It fell from 460,000 to 60,000 a decrease of about 400,000.
79
When was conscription introduced?
It was introduced in January 1916
80
Who were the Conscientious Objectors (conchies) ?
They were the men who refused to fight in the war due to strong moral or religious views.
81
Who did the suffragettes hand out white feathers to in the war?
They handed out white feathers to the men who should have been going to war but were "cowards" or "conchies"
82
When was rationing made compulsory?
In early 1918
83
What was a result of the rationing?
People grew vegetables in secret and a black market was formed.
84
What were some factors that made people want to fight In the war?
* wages
* learn new skills
* to travel and see different countries
* to make friends
* heroism
* pride/ patriotism
85
When was the battle of the Somme?
The battle of the Somme was July- November 1916
86
How many people died in the first day of the Battle Of the Somme?
20,000 people died in the first day of the Battle of The Somme
87
What was the conspiracy theory of why women got the vote?
The conspiracy theory is that the conservatives gave the women the vote so that they would be voting the same as their rich husbands
88
What did both Charles Booth and Rowntree find during their research?
That 28-31% of the population lived around the poverty line.
89
What was the poverty line?
The poverty line meant being unable the afford decent housing, food, clothing, health care or even an occasional luxury such as a newspaper
90
In the nineteenth century what were attitudes towards poverty?
* poverty was blamed on the individual- they were poor because they were idle and would not work or wasted their money
* politicians believed that each individual was responsible for their own welfare- people should work hard and save for their old age
* only way to get help= enter the workhouse- in which conditions were deliberately harsh to discourage people to seek help
* most people relied on family for help
91
By 1900 how was public opinion changing?
* people realised that poverty could be caused by many factors
* they also felt that the government should give some help to the poor instead of leaving it all to charity
92
When were the liberal reforms introduced?
1906
93
In 1915 how many women registered for work in industry?
100,000 women registered for work in industry
94
In 1916 how many workers went on strike and why?
In 1916, 235,000 workers went on strike and 2.5million working days were lost due to low pay and long hours.
95
What action was taken to control information (part of DORA)?
* they censored letters etc, eliminating bad news (censorship introduced)
* only good news was put in media
* authors produced publications for no fee
* toys were made for propaganda purposes for children
96
What was the result of controlling information (DORA)?
* more volunteers
* high morale at home
* after 1916, the propaganda changed. They made it realistic which made British people want to win more (example: Battle of the Somme film brought out)
97
What were some other reasons to help the poor?
* industrial and economic reason- improving the health of the working class would make Britain richer and more powerful as a country
* Britain falling behind other countries like USA and Germany and were struggling to keep their number 1 position in the world
98
When was the childrens charter introduced?
1908
99
What help did the children's charter bring?
* free school medical checks and clinics
* 14million free school meals served by 1914
* protection of children legalized
100
When were the labour exchanges introduced?
1908
101
Who did the Labour exchanges benefit and what help did they bring?
Benefits the unemployed:
•first job centres
•by 1913 3000 people per day were being put into jobs
102
What were the failures/limitations of childrens reforms?
* 50% councils did not give meals
| * clinics only provided diagnosis for the children not any treatment
103
What were the limitations/ failures of old age reforms?
* they got 5s for a single person but only 7s6d for a couple which is unfair and not enough for them to survive on
* tax payers resent it
104
What were the limitations/failings of the worker and unemployment reforms?
* workers unhappy-thought they deserved more
| * the rich and the the conservatives were against it- had to pay taxes
105
What was the Cat and mouse act of april 1913?
Hunger striker prisoners are released if their health is dangerous after force-feeding. They are re-arrested as soon as they recover.
106
By 1914 how many children received one good meal a day?
150,000 children
107
When did medical treatment for children become free?
1912
108
What were the failures of labour exchanges?
* many jobs were short term and casual
| * the government did nothing to make jobs secure
109
Who got the vote in 1918?
All women over 30
110
When did women over 21 get the vote?
1928
111
When was conscription introduced?
May 1916 all men 18-41 were conscripted into the military service
