Paper 2 Definitions

Question 1

Realistic Conflict Theory

Answer 1

Sherif 1966

Question 2

Types of Motivation

Answer 2

Extrinsic motivation: external rewards
Intrinsic motivation: internal satisfaction

Question 3

Social Identity Theory

Answer 3

Tajfel& Turner 1979
Social categorization
Social comparison
Ingrown Favouritism and Outgroup Homogeneity

Question 4

Minimal Group Paradigm

Answer 4

Tajfel
Prejudice doesn’t need real conflict, just group labels

Question 5

Intercrop conflict

Answer 5

Disagreement or confrontation between groups

Question 6

Contact hypothesis and conflict resolution

Answer 6

Allport 1954
To reduce conflict, prejudice and anxiety by increased contact

Question 7

Evaluation of contact hypothesis

Answer 7

Strengths: aimed at real world conflict resolution so has external validity, draws from SIT and RCT making it testable
Limitations: too many criteria to make the theory vague, practical challenges: groups might not always be able to interact

Question 8

Explanations for Attraction

Answer 8

Evolutionary
genetic
similarity attraction hypothesis
matching hypothesis
mere exposure effect
proximity
social proof

Question 9

Self Disclosure

Answer 9

One person reveals personal information
Orientation
Exploratory
Affective
Stable
Strengthens relationships

Question 10

Social Penetration Theory

Answer 10

Altman and Taylor 1973
Self disclosure is a process where communication moves from shallow to superficial
Superficial
Intimate
Personal
Core

Question 11

Four horseman of Apocalypse

Answer 11

Gottman 1983, identified destructive behaviour
Criticism
Defensiveness
Contempt (strongest predictor)
Stonewalling

Question 12

Fatal Attraction Hypothesis

Answer 12

What initially attracts one person to another can later lead to the breakdown of relationships
Especially high in individualist cultures

Question 13

FAH Evaluation

Answer 13

Strengths:
Supported by Delmer’s own research and real world evidence
Converts qualitative data into quantitative data making patterns easier to identify and compare
Large sample size increases reliability
Limitations:
Quantitative data may lose individual experience and nuance reducing the depth of understanding
Theory doesn’t explain why some FAH relationships are successful

Question 15

Attribution Theory

Answer 15

How people explain the behaviour of themselves and other