Paper 2-green Stuff

Question 1

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 1

The interaction of a community of living organisms and the non living (abiotic) parts of their enviroment

Question 2

What is a biotic factor?

Answer 2

Living components that affect the organisms

E.g disease

Question 3

What is an abiotic factor?

Answer 3

Non living components that affect the organisms living there

(E.g rainfall)

Question 4

What is a producer?

Answer 4

• organisms that produce organic molecules

- usually a green plant

Question 5

What is a consumer?

Answer 5

Organisms that feed of the organic matter made by plants

E.g animals

Question 6

Whar is a decomposer?

Answer 6

Organisms that break down dead or undigested material(they are important in the nutrient cycle)

-e.g fungi

Question 7

What is a trophic level?

Answer 7

It is a feeder level

E.g

Primary producer
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer

Question 8

What is habitat?

Answer 8

A place where an organism lives

Question 9

What is a community

Answer 9

Made up of all the living organisms within a habitat

Question 10

What are populations?

Answer 10

Group of organisms of the same species living in the same place at the same time

Question 11

What is a species?

Answer 11

A group of organisms with similar characteristics that can potentially inbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 12

What is the point of food chains and webs?

Answer 12

Ways to show the relationship between the numbers of a community in an ecosystem

Question 13

What do the arrows in foodchains represent?

Answer 13

The direction of energy flow

Question 14

What are predators?

Answer 14

Consumers that eat other animals

Question 15

What can feeding relationships within a community be represented by?

Answer 15

Food chains

Question 16

The numbers of predators and prey increase in cycles:

-this is only true in _____________

Answer 16

a stable community

Question 17

Describe predator prey relationships

Answer 17

As the number of prey rises, the number of predators rise

This causes more predators who eat the prey and therefore the population of the prey decreases

The decreased number of prey means the predators have to fight for food which causes a decrease in the number of predators(cycle repeats)

Question 18

What is material cycling?

Answer 18

The process of the transfer of a substance (such as carbon, oxygen or water)

Question 19

You know the carbon cycle well from geography, but what are the three main process involved in it?

Answer 19

-photosythesis(turns carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen)

Respiration(turns glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water

Combustion(burning of fossil fuels, releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere

Question 20

What do microorganisms do?

Answer 20

Decompose dead plants, dead animals and waste

Question 21

Describe the water cycle?

Answer 21

Evaporation-(sun heats the Earth’s surface and water is turned from a liquid into water vapour forming warm moist air)

Condensation(cool air rises and turns back into liquid)

Precipitation(water)

Percolation(water tricklestgrough gaps in soil and rocks

(Transpiration can also happen after this or evaporation again)

Question 22

What is biodiversity?

Answer 22

Measure of all the variety of all the different species of organisms on Earth or within an Ecosystem

Question 23

In general high biodiversity ensures _________

Answer 23

The stability of ecosystems

Question 24

Give two reasons why biodiversity is important?

Answer 24

• It reduces the dependence of one species for another(food
• if biodiversity is low and there are few species in an ecosystem,if one species is removed it can have a dramtic effect

Question 25

Give two ways that humanity links to biodiversity?

Answer 25

- humans reduce the amount of space avaliable for other animals and plants by building,quarring, farming and dumping waste - the future of humanity relies on us maintaining a good level of biodiversity

Question 26

How can pollution occur on land?(3 ways)

Answer 26

- can occur from toxic chemicals (such as pesticides and herbicides, which may also be washed from land to water - toxic chemcials within landfill sites leak into the soil - land polluted as a side effect of farming

Question 27

How can water pollution occur?

Answer 27

Pollution can occur in water from sewage,fertiliers or toxic chemicals (Minerals from fertilisers are easily washed into local streams) -untreated sewage can cause high nitrate levels in water

Question 28

How can air pollution occur?

Answer 28

-from smoke and acid gases(can be caused by waste and chemical materials not being properly handled

Question 29

What does air pollution do?

Answer 29

Kills plants and animals(this reduces biodiversity)

Question 30

How is acid rain formed?

Answer 30

Burning fossil fuels form acid gase, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere - fossil fuels contain sulfer impurities which react with oxygen when they burn to form sulfer dioxide - dissolved rainwater than reacts with oxygen in the air to form sulfuirc acid

Question 31

What are the effects of acid rain?

Answer 31

- kill flowers and soaks into soil and destroys roots - acid rain falling into lakes and rivers make the water acidic-this kills plants and animals which REDUCES BIODIVERSITY

Question 32

Levels of what are increasing due to global warming?

Answer 32

-methane and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Question 33

What are two biological consequences of climate change?

Answer 33

- loss of habitats when low lying areas are flooded by rising sea levels - changes in distriubtion patterns of species in areas where temperature or rainfall has changed(changes the migration of animals)

Question 34

What is combustion?

Answer 34

The process of burning something

Question 35

What does increased human population cause(2things)?

Answer 35

- more resources being used | - more waste being produced

Question 36

What are four ways of maintaining biodiverity?

Answer 36

- breeding programmes for endangered species - protection and regeneration of rare habitats - reintroduction of field margins and hedgerows - reduction of deforestation and carbon dioxide emissions - recycling resources

Question 37

What is interdependence?

Answer 37

The reliance of one organims on another to survive

Question 38

What does low biodiversity do?

Answer 38

Increases the dependence of one organims on another

Question 39

What does high biodiversity do?

Answer 39

Decreases the dependence of one organims on another(makes ecosytems stable)

Question 40

Breeding programme eg

Answer 40

Captive or artificial programmes in zoos

Question 41

Managing habitats e.g

Answer 41

Regenerating habitats that are damaged

Question 42

Field margins and hedgerows e.g

Answer 42

Replanting hedgerows

Question 43

What three ways can humans limit resource use?

Answer 43

- reduce - recycle - reuse