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RE > Paper 2 - Judaism (COMPLETE) > Flashcards

Paper 2 - Judaism (COMPLETE) Flashcards

1
Q

The Shema Prayer (Deuteronomy 4:6)

A

“Hear O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord alone.”

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2
Q

Explain how God is one in Judaism

A
  • Jews are monotheistic
  • Shema prayer shows oneness of God
  • God is one with several roles (creator, lawgiver and judge)
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3
Q

Name 3 ways that Jews respect God

A
  • Write G-d instead of God
  • Never say God’s Hebrew name aloud, and use Adoni (my Lord) instead
  • Books containing God’s Hebrew name are treated with dignity and respect, and are buried when too old to use
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4
Q

Name 3 qualities of God as creator

A
  • Omnipotent (all powerful)
  • Omniscient (all knowing)
  • Omnipresent (always present)
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5
Q

Explain two contrasting beliefs about God as creator

A

Orthodox:
- Genesis is a literal truth
- The earth was made around 6000 years ago
- Reject scientific theories of evolution

Other Jews:
- Accept evolutionary theories
- Main message is that God made everything

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6
Q

Explain two contrasting beliefs about God creating evil and free will

A

Some Jews:
- No concept that the devil created evil
- God must have created it
- Evil is seen as a necessary consquence of giving people free will

Other Jews:
- Hard to believe that God created evil
- Considering Jewish persecution (e.g Holocaust)

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7
Q

Give three points about God’s role as lawgiver

A
  • God gave laws for people to exercise their free will
  • 10 Commandments are the foundation of the laws
  • 613 mitzvot (laws) in total
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8
Q

Give three points about God’s role as judge

A
  • God judges everyone (not just Jews)
  • His judgement is fair, merciful and loving
  • Judges Jews at Rosh Hashanah and after death
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9
Q

Give a quote from Isaiah to support the existence of the Shekhinah (divine presence)

A

“I beheld my Lord seated on a high and lofty throne”

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10
Q

Give the Jewish names for:
- Heaven
- Place of waiting where soul will be cleansed

A
  • Gan Eden
  • Sheol
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11
Q

Give two contrasting Jewish beliefs about judgement and resurrection

A

Some Jews:
- Will be judged immediately after death

Other Jews:
- Will be judged after the messianic age/coming of the Messiah (as mentioned in Daniel)

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12
Q

Give a quote for judgement and resurrection (Daniel 12:2)

A

“Many of those that sleep in the dust of the earth will awake”

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13
Q

Explain what the covenant at Mount Sinai involved

A
  • 10 commandments carved on 2 stone tablets by Moses
  • God would protect the Jews as long as they obeyed His laws
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14
Q

Explain the importance of the covenant at Mount Sinai

A
  • Gave the Jews guidance on how to create a society with basic rights
  • Taught Jews how to live in peace with each other
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15
Q

Explain two contrasting Jewish beliefs about the Messiah’s identity

A

Orthodox:
- Messiah will bring all Jews back to Israel
- Will uphold the law of the Torah

Reform Jews:
- Reject the idea of a Messiah
- Believe in a collective effort to bring about a messianic age of peace and unity

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16
Q

Give a quote about the messianic age (Micah 4:3)

A

“Nation shall not take up sword against nation; they shall never again know war”

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17
Q

State the three promises that the covenant with Abraham included

A
  • Promise of land for his offspring
  • Promise of many descendants
  • Promise to make him leader of a great nation
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18
Q

State the importance of the covenants in the Torah for Jews

A

Makes Jews believe they are the chosen people of God

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19
Q

Explain the importance of the covenant with Abraham for Jews today

A
  • Covenant was sealed with circumcision of all males in the household
  • Jews still perform this to all males today (Brit Milah)
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20
Q

Give a quote from the covenant with Abraham (Genesis 12:1-3)

A

“I will make of you a great nation”

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21
Q

Name the 3 key moral principles in Judaism

A
  • Justice
  • Healing the world (tikkun olam)
  • Kindness to others
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22
Q

Give the Jewish term for the obligation to give to the poor

A

Tzedekah

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23
Q

Give one quote about the key moral principle of justice (Amos)

A

“But let justice well up like water”

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24
Q

Give three meanings of the key moral principle of justice to Jews

A
  • Sacred duty
  • Bringing about what is right and fair/ righting a wrong committed
  • The Torah and prophets were sent by God to help people understand and bring about justice mercifully
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25
Q

Give two ways that the key moral principle of healing the world influences Jews

A
  • Brings people closer to God
  • Motivates people to take part in work to increase social justice
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26
Q

Give two ways that the Torah supports the Jewish key moral principle of kindness to others

A
  • Many laws advise Jews on how to show kindness
  • Laws forbid murder and encourage acts of kindness
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27
Q

Give one quote from Leviticus encouraging the key moral principle of kindness

A

“Love your fellow as yourself”

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28
Q

Give one quote about the sanctity of life from the Talmud

A

“He who destroys one soul of a human being, the Scripture considers him as if he should destroy a whole world”

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29
Q

Give one quote supporting pikuach nefesh (saving a life) from Leviticus

A

“Do not profit by the blood of your fellow”

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30
Q

Explain what the story of Adam and Eve teaches Jews about free will

A
  • Choices have consequences
  • Adam and Eve’s disobedience had severe consquences that affect mankind today
  • Choosing to please God brings a life of fulfilment and favourable judgement
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31
Q

State the purpose of mitzvot between man and God

A

Give guidance on how to improve relationship with God

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32
Q

Explain the purpose of mitzvot between man and man

A
  • One should love thy neighbour
  • Includes treatment of workers, disputes and food laws
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33
Q

Give 3 uses of a synagogue

A
  • Prayer
  • Worship
  • Study
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34
Q

State why there are no images of humans or animals inside a synagogue

A

Disobeys commandment not to worship false idols

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35
Q

List 4 interior features of a synagogue

A
  • Prayer Hall
  • Ner Tamid
  • Aron Hakodesh
  • Bimah
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36
Q

Name the holiest place in the synagogue

A

Aron Hakodesh

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37
Q

Give two reasons why the Aron Hakodesh is the holiest place in the synagogue

A
  • Contains the Torah scrolls
  • Represents original Ark holding the Ten Commandments
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38
Q

State why the Torah is usually put up some stairs

A

Reminds Jews that the Torah/God is above humanity

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39
Q

Explain the importance of the Ner Tamid in the synagogue

A
  • Ever-burning light
  • Symbolises God’s presence
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40
Q

Explain two differences between worship in the synagogue for Reform and Orthodox Jews

A

Orthodox
- Focuses on obeying God’s laws as written in the Torah
- Men and women have separate roles and sit separately

Reform
- Emphasises freedom in deciding how to worship
- Men and women sit together

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41
Q

State what a bimah is

A

A reading platform that represents the altar in the Temple

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42
Q

Define Amidah prayer

A

Central “standing” prayer used in Jewish worship services

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43
Q

Name the parts that the Amidah prayer is split into

A
  • Praising God
  • Asking for help
  • Thanksgiving
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44
Q

Describe people’s body language whilst reciting the Amidah prayer

A
  • Standing
  • Facing Jerusalem
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45
Q

Name the blue and white Jewish prayer shawl with tassels

A

Tallit (tassels are called tzitzit)

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46
Q

Describe what a tefillin is

A

A pair of black leather boxes containing passages of scripture

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47
Q

Explain the significance of the tefillin for Jews

A

Fastened to head and arms with leather straps
- Reminds Jews to completely focus on God while praying

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48
Q

Give a quote to support the importance of the tefillin for Jews

A

“And this shall serve you as a sign on your hand and a reminder on your forehead” - Exodus

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49
Q

Give two ways that Jews worship in the home

A
  • Pray three times a day at home
  • May have a mezuzah on the doorpost as a reminder of God
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50
Q

Define the Shema prayer

A

Jewish statement of faith recited three times a day

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51
Q

State the duration of Shabbat each week

A

Friday sunset till Saturday sunrise

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52
Q

Give a quote from Exodus supporting Shabbat

A

“Remember the sabbath day and keep it holy”

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53
Q

Explain the significance of Shabbat

A

Reminder of the creation story (how God created the world in 6 days and rested on the 7th)

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54
Q

Explain how Shabbat is celebrated at home

A
  1. Woman of the family lights candles and recites blessing to welcome Shabbat
  2. Blessings are said over children and kiddush is said over wine
  3. Meal is eaten with family and friends
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55
Q

Name the three parts the Tenakh (written law) is split into

A
  • Torah
  • Nevi’m
  • Ketuvim
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56
Q

Name the two types of Jewish law

A
  • Written
  • Oral
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57
Q

Describe what is included in the Torah

A

5 books of Moses

58
Q

Describe what is included in the Nevi’m

A

8 books of the prophets

59
Q

Describe what is included in the Ketuvim

A

11 books of writings

60
Q

Outline the purpose of the Talmud

A

Teaches how to interpret the Torah

61
Q

Name the two parts that the Talmud is split into

A
  • Mishnah
  • Gemara
62
Q

Define Mishnah

A

The Oral Law (Talmud) written down

63
Q

Define Gemara

A

Discussions/debates about the Mishnah written down

64
Q

Name two Jewish rituals during childhood

A
  • Brit Milah
  • Bar/Bat Mitzvah
65
Q

Give a quote from Genesis supporting Brit Milah in Judaism

A

“Every male among you shall be circumcised”

66
Q

Describe what happens at the Redemption of the firstborn son in Judaism

A

Orthodox Jews give a sum of money 31 days after his birth
- Reminds him of the Temple service

67
Q

Translate ‘Bar/Bat Mitzvah’ from Hebrew to English

A

Son/Daughter of the Commandment

68
Q

State what age boys and girls have their Bar/Bat Mitzvah

A

Boys - age 13
Girls - age 12

69
Q

Explain what happens at a Bar Mitzvah

A
  1. Boy will read a line from the Torah
  2. Boy’s father thanks God for maturing his son
  3. Gifts and celebratory meal
70
Q

True/False: Bat Mitzvahs are only celebrated by Orthodox Jews

A

False - Bat Mitzvahs (female version of a Bar Mitzvah) are only celebrated by Reform/Liberal Jews

71
Q

State two things that a betrothal can be broken by in Jewish law

A
  • Divorce
  • Death
72
Q

Name the canopy used at a Jewish wedding

A

Chuppah

73
Q

State what what a chuppah (canopy at a Jewish wedding) symbolises

A

The home that the couple will have together

74
Q

Explain what happens at a Jewish wedding ceremony

A
  1. Groom places a plain ring on the bride’s finger
  2. Seven wedding blessings are recited
  3. Rabbi blesses couple
  4. Bride and groom sign the ketubah in front of witnesses
  5. Bride and groom share a glass of wine
  6. Groom breaks glass under his foot
  7. Audience wish couple good luck
  8. Bride and groom spend time together in a private room
  9. Wedding reception
75
Q

Give one modification that may be made to a Jewish betrothal for Reform Jews

A

Bride and groom may give eachother rings instead of only the groom giving the bride a ring

76
Q

Explain what the breaking of glass at a Jewish betrothal represents

A

Regret for the destruction of the Temple
- Shows that there will be hardship as well as blessings in life

77
Q

Give one quote from Genesis to support Jewish marriage

A

“Hence a man leaves his father and mother and clings to his wife so that they become one flesh”

78
Q

Give one Jewish belief about the souls of the deceased

A

They do not leave the body until its burial

79
Q

Give one quote supporting Shiva from Genesis

A

“Jacob rent his clothes, put sackcloth on his loins and observed mourning for his son for many days”

80
Q

State how long Shiva lasts

A

7 days from the day of burial

81
Q

State how long the lesser period of mourning lasts

A

Until 30 days after the person’s death

82
Q

State how long the final period of mourning lasts

A

11 months

83
Q

State the purpose of Shiva

A

Allows loved ones to mourn intensely for the deceased

84
Q

Give five things that a Jewish person may do during Shiva

A
  • Cover mirrors
  • Shave/cut hair
  • Tear clothes
  • Sit on low stools
  • Stay at home
85
Q

True/False: Some Reform Jews accept cremation

A

True

86
Q

Explain what happens to the tallit of a deceased person

A

Corner fringe is removed
–> Shows that it will no longer be used in this life

87
Q

State how long Jews mourn for the dead in total

A

12 months

88
Q

Name three Jewish rituals concerning mourning for the dead

A
  • Shiva
  • Funeral
  • Adding a tombstone
89
Q

State when the headstone of a deceased Jewish person is unveiled

A

At the end of the 12 month mourning period

90
Q

Give the term for food that complies with dietary laws in Judaism

A

Kosher

91
Q

Give the term for food that does not comply with dietary laws in Judaism

A

Trefah

92
Q

Name the two types of food that cannot be eaten together according to Jewish law

A

Meat and dairy

93
Q

Give a quote from Exodus supporting the separation of milk and dairy by Jews

A

“You shall not boil a kid in its mother’s milk”

94
Q

State how Orthodox Jews keep food separate

A

Have two separate food preparation areas and fridges

95
Q

Give the three condiitions that make kosher meat different to trefah meat

A
  • Cut by a shochet
  • Throat is cut by a sharp knife
  • Blood is drained from the animal
96
Q

Give the Jewish term for food laws

A

Kashrut

97
Q

List the 4 rules of Kosher

A
  1. Land animals must have split hooves and chew the cud
  2. Seafood must have fins and scales
  3. Birds of prey cannot be eaten
  4. Meat and dairy cannot be eaten together
98
Q

Give the term for neutral foods in Judaism

A

Parev

99
Q

Name three Jewish festivals

A
  • Rosh Hashanah
  • Yom Kippur
  • Pesach
100
Q

Explain the purpose of Rosh Hashanah

A

Jewish New Year
–> Jews reflect on their deeds from the past year

101
Q

State what a shofar is

A

A ram’s horn blown during Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur

102
Q

State why the shofar is blown on Rosh Hashanah

A

Symbolises a call for repentance

103
Q

List three activities that are done by Jews on Rosh Hashanah

A
  • Spending time in the synagogue
  • Eating apples dipped in honey
  • Tashlich ceremony
104
Q

State what the apples dipped in honey that are eaten on Rosh Hashanah symbolise

A

The hope of a sweet new year

105
Q

State what happens at the Tashlich ceremony on Rosh Hashanah

A

Sins are cast out and people ask for God’s forgiveness

106
Q

Name the holiest day of the Jewish calendar

A

Yom Kippur

107
Q

Give another name for Yom Kippur

A

Day of Atonement

108
Q

Give one quote from Leviticus supporting Yom Kippur

A

“On this day atonement shall be made for you to cleanse you of all your sins”

109
Q

State what Jews believe will happen on the day of Yom Kippur in the future

A

God’s final judgement

110
Q

List two activities that Jews take part in on Yom Kippur

A
  • Spend time at the synagogue
  • Fast for 25 hours
111
Q

Describe how Jews dress on the day of Yom Kippur

A

They wear white as a symbol of purity

112
Q

Give three things that are forbidden during Yom Kippur

A
  • Bathing
  • Wearing leather shoes
  • Having sex
113
Q

State what the Pesach festival celebrates

A

Jews’ escape from slavery in Egypt

114
Q

Give two reasons why Pesach is important to Jews

A
  • Gives them a chance to show gratitude to God for their redemption
  • Retelling of Passover story passes on Jewish tradition and faith
115
Q

Give one quote from Exodus supporting Pesach

A

“I will free you from the labors of the Egyptians and deliver you from their bondage”

116
Q

State how long the Pesach festival lasts

A

7-8 days

117
Q

Name the ritual that begins the Pesach festival

A

Seder

118
Q

List 5 foods on the Seder plate at Pesach

A
  • Karpas (green vegetable dipped in salt water)
  • Maror (Bitter herbs)
  • Baytsah (An egg that is not eaten)
  • Z’roah (Lamb bone)
  • Charoset (Sweet paste)
119
Q

State what two things the karpas (green veg dipped in salt water) on the Seder plate represent

A
  • Hope and renewal
  • Flourishing of the Jews in their first years of freedom
120
Q

State what the maror (bitter herbs) on the Seder plate represents

A

Bitterness of slavery

121
Q

State what the baytsah (egg that is not eaten) on the Seder plate represents

A

Sacrifices in the Temple

122
Q

State what the z’roah (lamb bone) on the Seder plate represents

A

Lamb sacrificed before Exodus

123
Q

State what the charoset (sweet paste) on the Seder plate represents

A

Mortar and brick used by Jewish slaves to build structures in Egypt

124
Q

State what the wine served at Pesach represents

A

Lamb’s blood painted on doorposts to save children from the last of the 10 plagues

125
Q

State what the matzah served at Pesach plate represents

A

Jews did not have time to let their bread rise before their escape

126
Q

Give a quote from Exodus showing the importance of the Ner Tamid in the synagogue

A

“Keep the lamps burning before the Lord”

127
Q

Define minyan

A

Minimum number for 10 men (or women) required for a service

128
Q

State how many times Orthodox synagogues hold services daily

A

Synagogues hold services three times a day

129
Q

Name one food eaten during Shabbat

A

Challah bread

130
Q

Explain how Shabbat is celebrated in the synagogue

A

Prayers at Friday evening
–> Shabbat is welcomed with kabbalat shabbat (hymns and prayers)
- Main service on Saturday morning

131
Q

Name the service that Shabbat ends with

A

Havdalah

132
Q

List two things that happen during Havdalah

A
  • Blessings are given over a cup of wine to thank God
  • Box of spices is passed around for everyone to smell (shows that Shabbat is the spice of the week)
133
Q

Name the main sacred Jewish text that governs all aspects of Jewish life

A

Tenakh

134
Q

Name the pointer used to follow the words in the Torah when reading

A

Yad

135
Q

State when Simchat Bat happens

A

On the first Shabbat after a girl’s birth

136
Q

Give the english name for Brit Milah

A

Circumcision

137
Q

Define mohel

A

Person trained to carry out circumcision

138
Q

Explain what happens at a Brit Milah

A
  1. Blessing is said
  2. Circumcision is carried out
  3. Kiddush is said and boy is given his Hebrew name
  4. Celebratory meal is eaten
139
Q

Give the Jewish word for betrothal

A

Kiddushin

140
Q

Identify two parts of the Jewish marriage ritual

A
  • Kiddushin (betrothal)
  • Wedding ceremony
141
Q

Describe what a kiddushin is

A

A 12-month engagement period before a wedding

142
Q

Define ketubah

A

Marriage contract outlining the rights and responsibilities of both partners

RE (2 decks)

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