Paper 2 - Mr Rasib

Question 1

Sodium Bicarbonate

Answer 1

• Reduces acidity
• Neutralises lactic acid
• HCO3-
• Binds with hydrogen
• Produces carbonic acid - H2O and CO2

Question 2

Positives of taking Sodium Bicarbonate

Answer 2

• Buffering (soaking up lactic acid)
• Delays OBLA
• Higher intensity exercise before OBLA

Question 3

Negatives of taking Sodium Bicarbonate

Answer 3

• Unpleasant
• Tummy Ache
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea

Question 4

Caffeine

Answer 4

A legal stimulant, can be taken in the form of pills or drinks

Question 5

Benefits of using Caffeine

Answer 5

• CNS Activity
• Alertness
• Reaction time
• Aerobic capacity
• Fat metabolism
• Preserves glycogen

Question 6

Drawbacks of taking caffeine

Answer 6

• Natural diuretic
• Insomnia
• Stomach ache

Question 7

Glycogen Loading

Answer 7

A 7 day process
Day 1: Deplete glycogen stores
Day 2-3: Increase fat and protein intake
Day 4: Deplete glycogen again
Day 5-7: Carb rich diet

Question 8

Benefits of Glycogen loading

Answer 8

• +50% glycogen store
• Longer to reach exhaustion
• Increase endurance

Question 9

Negatives of Glycogen loading

Answer 9

• Hyperglycaemia
• Increased lethargy
• Increased water-retention
• Increased irritation
• Gastro-intestinal problems

Question 10

Acute Injuries

Answer 10

• Occurs suddenly
• Pain is felt right away
• Often severe
• During exercise or competition
• sprained ankle or torn ligament

Question 11

Chronic Injuries

Answer 11

• Over-use injuries
• Occurs over a long time
• Develops slowly
• Lasts a while
• Ignoring makes it worse
• Stress fracture/tennis elbow

Question 12

Fractures

Answer 12

Involve the bone being broken. Can be completely or partially

Question 13

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 13

A break or splinter of the bone into more than 2 fragments

Question 14

Oblique Fracture

Answer 14

Fracture that has an angled pattern

Question 15

Open/Compound Fracture

Answer 15

Skin broken or pierced by bone

Question 16

Transverse Fracture

Answer 16

Fracture has a horizontal line

Question 17

Spiral Fracture

Answer 17

Fracture has a winding break

Question 18

Longitudinal Fracture

Answer 18

A break that occurs along the length of the bone

Question 19

Buckle Fracture

Answer 19

Occurs in children where the bone deforms but does not break

Question 20

Hairline Fracture

Answer 20

Partial fracture of the bone that is difficult to detect

Question 21

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 21

Happens in children where the bone partially fracture on one side but doesn’t break completely

Question 22

Symptoms of Acute injuries

Answer 22

• Sudden severe pain
• Swelling around injury
• Struggles with weight bearing
• Restricted movement
• Extreme weakness

Question 23

Dislocations

Answer 23

When the normal position of the joint is altered, caused by a fall or a blow

Question 24

Symptoms of Dsilcoations

Answer 24

• Swelling
• Severe pain
• Visibly out of place
• Once happened again its more likely to happen again

Question 25

Sprains

Answer 25

One or more of the ligaments are stretched, twisted or torn

Question 26

Strains

Answer 26

Muscles fibres stretch or tear

Question 27

Chronic injuries

Answer 27

Playing or exercising over a long time

Question 28

Achilles Tendonitis

Answer 28

- Overuse of the achilleas tendon - Largest tendon in the body - Pain and inflammation

Question 29

Tennis Elbow

Answer 29

Inflammation of the elbow tendon, caused by overuse of the forearm for sports like gold and tennis

Question 30

Stress Fracture

Answer 30

- Over use injury - Affected area is tender and swollen - Common in weight bearing bones - Muscles become fatigued and cant absorb shock - Transfers stress onto bone - Tiny cracks