Paper 2 Questions Flashcards
(17 cards)
Comment on why a different value may have been recorded on an energy food content test? (5)
As not all energy was released
Not burnt in Oxygen
Heat lost to the atmosphere
Energy lost as light
Water is not stirred
Distance of flame is not fixed
Explain the methods a fish farmer could use to maximise his production of fish? (5)
Seperate different species to prevent predation
Seperate different sizes or age of fish
Feed protein rich food
Use antibiotics to reduce disease
Filter water to remove faeces or waste
Use selective breeding
Explain the role of stomata in water transport? (2)
Water loss by transpiration
Draws water up from roots
Explain the different effects that a single base mutation can have on transcription and translation and the production and activity of an enzyme? (5)
Transcription makes mRNA
mRNA will not have different codons
Different tRNA binds meaning
Different sequence of amino acids
Different protein is made
Active site may no longer fit substrate
May have no effect as same amino acid is made
Explain how using stem cells from the bone marrow enables doctors to treat a number of different blood conditions? (3)
Cane make different blood cells
RBC can be made to treat anaemia
WBC can be made to kill infections
Platelets to treat blood clot problems
Explain why the difference of lumen width of the two blood vessels is important for kidney function? (2)
Increases the pressure for ultrafiltration. so that plasma small molecules can enter the Bowman’s capsule
Explain the effects of increasing the temperature on the mean time taken for photosynthesis? (3)
As there is faster photosynthesis
More CO2 is removed
Due to increased collisions due to more KE
Other factors become limiting so rate levels off
Describe the process of micropropagation? (3)
Take small samples of tissue
Sterilise by washing in ethanol
Place in sterile agar
Provide minerals
Give rooting powder
Discuss the effects of increasing the amount of ionising radiation on an organism? (4)
Mor radiation increases the no. of changes to DNA
Mutations occur
Mutations change amino acid sequence
Some DNA changes have no affect as code more same amino acid
DNA mutation may be recessive
Explain the positive and negative effects of releasing cloned mammoths on Arctic biodiversity? (3)
Mammoth population increases
Mammoth eats too much food
But less global warming
Decomposition of faeces
More amino acids
Explain how amniotic fluid and placenta enables safe growth of fetus? (3)
Amniotic fluid prevents and physical damage by bumps
Placenta allows diffusion
Gives the fetus amino acids/glucose
Removes the fetus urea
Makes sure mother’s and baby’s blood doesn’t mix
Suggest some reasons why a kidney transplant is better than dialysis? (2)
Permanent so does not need replacing
Have a normal life
Doesn’t need to visit the hospital repeatedly
Kidney can perform functions
Describe how stem cells are different to most body cells? (2)
Stem cells are unspecialised
Stem cells divide by mitosis
Stem cells can differentiate into other cell types
Explain 2 ways that the dialyser is designed to increase the rate of removal of urea from blood? (4)
- 40 degrees so more kinetic energy of particles
- Long tubing to increase SA
- Thin membrane to decrease diffusion distance
- No urea in dialysis fluid so there is a concentration gradient
Describe how the cells use RNA to produce viral proteins?
Ribosomes bind to RNA
Translation occurs
Triplet on RNA codes for an amino acid
tRNA bind to RNA
tRNA brings amino acids
Amino acids join to make a protein
Suggest why high blood pressure causes protein to be present in urine? (2)
Protein is a large molecule
A high pressure forces the protein
Out of the glomerulus and into the Bowman’s Capsule
The protein is not reabsorbed
Explain how a mutation of a gene can affect the phenotype of an organism? (3)
Mutation is rare
There are changes to the bases of DNA
Changing the sequence of amino acids
Changing the enzymes or producing different proteins
