Paper 2-SC22,23,24

Question 1

What are the first 4 prefixes?

Answer 1

Meth,eth,prop,but

Question 2

What is the general formula for alkenes?

Answer 2

CnH2n

Question 3

What is the carbon carbon double bond known as?

Answer 3

A functional group.

Question 4

Explain isomers?

Answer 4

Question 5

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 5

Compounds with the same molecular formulae but different structural formulae.

Question 6

Do some more research on isomers.

Answer 6

Okay.

Question 7

What happens during combustion?

Answer 7

Oxidation.

Question 8

What happens if all the atoms from the hydrocarbon are fully oxidised?

Answer 8

The products are only water and carbon dioxide and it is complete combustion.

Question 9

What colour is dilute bromine water?

Answer 9

Orange-brown.

Question 10

What happens when bromine water reacts with alkenes?

Answer 10

It becomes colourless but alkanes do not cause this so this is how you can tell difference.

Question 11

Why does the bromine water test work?

Answer 11

Because the CC double bond reacts with the bromine to form colourless product so the bromine is removed from solution so it loses colour.

Question 12

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 12

A reaction in which the reactants combine to form one larger product molecule and no other products.

Question 13

What is an addition reaction with bromine test thing idk research?

Answer 13

Question 14

What do alcoholic drinks contain?

Answer 14

Ethanol.

Question 15

What is the formula for ethanol?

Answer 15

C2H5OH

Question 16

What is ethanol in drinks made from?

Answer 16

Sugars.

Question 17

What are sugars?

Answer 17

Small, soluble substances that belong to a group called carbohydrates.

Question 18

What do seeds contain?

Answer 18

A carbohydrate called starch. Starch is a long polyme.

Question 19

What must happen to starch to make alcohol?

Answer 19

It must be broken dopwn into sugars.

Question 20

hat happens to seeds before they are used?

Answer 20

They are germinated so the enzymes naturally turn the starch into sugars.

Question 21

What is used for beer?

Answer 21

Barley seeds.

Question 22

What is used for wine?

Answer 22

Grapes.

Question 23

What is used for whiskey?

Answer 23

Barley seeds.

Question 24

What is used for vodka?

Answer 24

Wheat seeds.

Question 25

What is fermentation?

Answer 25

Plant material containing sugars is mixed with water and yeast, enzymes in the yeast turn the sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 26

Why must the pH and temp be carefully controlled during fermentation?

Answer 26

So the enzymes can work at their best.

Question 27

What is yeast fermentation a type of?

Answer 27

Anaerobic respiration.

Question 28

What do you need to do in fermentation.

Answer 28

Allow CO2 to escape but keep air out.

Question 29

What is the highest concentration the fermentation process can produce?

Answer 29

15% as higher concentration kills the yeast cells.

Question 30

How are more concentrated alcohols made?

Answer 30

Fractional distillation as boiling point of ethanol is lower than the boiling point of water.

Question 31

What do organic compounds have?

Answer 31

A central framework of carbon atoms onto which hydrogen and other atoms are attached.

Question 32

Why do all alcohols have similar properties?

Answer 32

They all contain one OH functional group.

Question 33

What are some of the uses for alcohol?

Answer 33

Solvents for cosmetics, medical drugs and varnishes and fuel.

Question 34

What has more energy, petrol or butanol?

Answer 34

Butanol as it goes up up

Question 35

What is a polymer?

Answer 35

A long chain of atoms made from small molecules joined together.

Question 36

What is a monomer?

Answer 36

A small reactive molecule that can join together to form a polymer.

Question 37

What part of the polymer do we draw?

Answer 37

The repeating unit.

Question 38

What happens in addition polymerisation?

Answer 38

Alkenes can be linked as the double bond can snap[ and then join together with another one.

Question 39

How do we draw a repeating unit?

Answer 39

Draw the two lines on the outside going outside the brackets and put an n below the left side of the bracket outside.

Question 40

Look at this example of addition polymerisation.

Answer 40

Question 41

How do you name polymers?

Answer 41

You put poly(name of monomer).

Question 42

What is a synthetic polymer?

Answer 42

One that is manufactured in a laboratory

Question 43

What monomers is DNA made from?

Answer 43

nucleotides.

Question 44

What is starch made from?

Answer 44

A sugar called glucose

Question 45

What is protein made from?

Answer 45

Amino acids.

Question 46

What can you do to change the properties of polymers?

Answer 46

Add chemicals.

Question 47

What holds chains of polymers together?

Answer 47

Weak intermolecular forces.

Question 48

How do we overcome the weak forces holding together the chains of polymers?

Answer 48

We use plasticiser.

Question 49

What can we do to the polymer chain?

Answer 49

Change the length of it.

Question 50

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 50

A reaction which produces water and the important product.

Question 51

What is a condensation polymerisation?

Answer 51

Joining monomers together to make a polymer and water is condensed.

Question 52

Are there by products in addition polymerisation?

Answer 52

No but for condensation polymerisation water is produced.

Question 53

What do you need to make a polymer?

Answer 53

2 functional groups one on each end so it can stick to both sides.

Question 54

What is a functional group?

Answer 54

An atom or group of atoms that is responsible for the properties and reactions of the compound.

Question 55

What is the functional group for alkenes?

Answer 55

Question 56

How do alcohols react?

Answer 56

Combust, dehydrate to alkenes, oxidise to carboxylic acids, reaction with alkali metals to form alkoxides.

Question 57

What is needed to dehydrate alcohol to alkenes?

Answer 57

Heat and a catalyst.

Question 58

What is needed to oxidise alcohols to carboxylic acids?

Answer 58

An oxydising agent.

Question 59

What is the carboxylic acid functional group?

Answer 59

COOH and it is drawn with one carbon.

Question 60

What is the alcohol functional group?

Answer 60

OH.

Question 61

What are esters?

Answer 61

Compounds formed when an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid. water is also produced.

Question 62

What does alcohol lose when forming an ester?

Answer 62

A hydrogen.

Question 63

What does carboxylic acid lose when forming an acid?

Answer 63

OH.

Question 64

Where does the first part of the ester name come from?

Answer 64

The alcohol and ends in 'yl' so like ethyl.

Question 65

Where does the second part of the ester name come from?

Answer 65

The acid and ends in 'ate' so like propanoate.

Question 66

How do you do condensation polymerisation?

Answer 66

Remove 2 OH from acid and 2H from alcohol and stick them together forming an ester linkage.

Question 67

What is an ester linkage?

Answer 67

Question 68

How many lots of water does condensation polymerisation form?

Answer 68

2.