paper 2 : section B : changing economic world

Question 1

what is the GPD ?

Answer 1

GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product

Question 2

what is HDI?

Answer 2

HDI, stands for human development index and it is the measure of a countries development based on life expectancy, education and GNI (total amount of wealth in the country shared between all citizens)

Question 3

what is the demographic transition model?

Answer 3

the demographic transition model is the sequence of stages in population growth

Question 4

what is happening in stage one of the DTM

Answer 4

in stage one of the DTM : -population is fluctuating but not growing

• high birth rate as no contraception and people need lots of children to provide for the family
• high death rate due to famine, disease and lack of medical care

Question 5

examples of countries/places that are in stage one of the DTM

Answer 5

countries/ places which are in stage one of the DTM are rainforest tribes

Question 6

what is happening in stage two of the DTM

Answer 6

in stage two of the DTM :

• population is rapidly increasing
• high birth rate as there is still no contraception and people need lots of children to support the family
• death is lower that birth rate due to improvements in health care eg vaccinations

Question 7

examples of countries/places that are in stage two of the DTM

Answer 7

countries/places which are in stage two of the DTM are Ethiopia and Somalia

Question 8

what is happening in stage 3 of the DTM

Answer 8

in stage 3 of the DTM :

• the population is still growing but at a slower rate
• there is a low birth rate as people are choosing to have smaller families
• decreasing death rate as advancements are made in health care

Question 9

name some examples of countries currently in stage 3 of the DTM

Answer 9

examples of some countries in stage 3 of the DTM are india and brazil

Question 10

what is happening in stage 4 of the DTM

Answer 10

in stage 4 of the DTM there is :

• a low birth rate due to women choosing to stay in school longer as education is better
• a low death rates due to advanced medical care that can fight illness
• population growth is stable due to low death and birth rates

Question 11

name some examples of countries in stage 4 of the DTM

Answer 11

countries which are considered to be in stage 4 of the DTM are U.K. and USA

Question 12

what is happening in stage 5 of the DTM

Answer 12

in stage 5 of the DTM there is :

• a decease in the total population
• a birth rate lower than the death rate as women chose to have children at later ages
• a death rate slightly higher than the birth rate as there is a large older population and increased obesity related deaths

Question 13

name some examples of countries which are in stage 5 of the DTM

Answer 13

countries which are considered to be in stage 5 of the DTM are italy and germany

Question 14

what is natural decrease

Answer 14

natural decrease is where the death rate is higher than the birth rate in a country meaning that the total population decreases

Question 15

what is happening in stage 3 of the DTM

Answer 15

in stage 3 of the DTM :

• the population is still growing but at a slower rate
• there is a low birth rate as people are choosing to have smaller families
• decreasing death rate as advancements are made in health care

Question 16

name some examples of countries currently in stage 3 of the DTM

Answer 16

examples of some countries in stage 3 of the DTM are india and brazil

Question 17

what is happening in stage 4 of the DTM

Answer 17

in stage 4 of the DTM there is :

• a low birth rate due to women choosing to stay in school longer as education is better
• a low death rates due to advanced medical care that can fight illness
• population growth is stable due to low death and birth rates

Question 18

name some examples of countries in stage 4 of the DTM

Answer 18

countries which are considered to be in stage 4 of the DTM are U.K. and USA

Question 19

what is happening in stage 5 of the DTM

Answer 19

in stage 5 of the DTM there is :

• a decease in the total population
• a birth rate lower than the death rate as women chose to have children at later ages
• a death rate slightly higher than the birth rate as there is a large older population and increased obesity related deaths

Question 20

name some examples of countries which are in stage 5 of the DTM

Answer 20

countries which are considered to be in stage 5 of the DTM are italy and germany

Question 21

what is natural decrease

Answer 21

natural decrease is where the death rate is higher than the birth rate in a country meaning that the total population decreases

Question 22

what is an immigrat?

Answer 22

an immigrant is a person who moves into a new country

Question 23

What is an emigrant?

Answer 23

an emigrant is someone who moves out of their own country in order to settle permanently somewhere else

Question 24

what is the development gap

Answer 24

the development gap is the difference in advancements and standard of living between HIC’s and LIC’s

Question 25

how can the development gap be reduced

Answer 25

the development gap can be reduced by : - debt relief - aid - micro finance loans - intermediate technology - fair trade - tourism - investment - industrial development

Question 26

what is debt relief

Answer 26

debt relief is where some or all of a country's debt is cancelled

Question 27

what is fair trade

Answer 27

fair trade is trade between buyers in HIC’s and producers in developing countries in which fair prices are paid to the producers.

Question 28

what is aid

Answer 28

aid is the transfer of resources from a HIC to a LIC eg money, food, skilled people and loans

Question 29

what is intermediate technology

Answer 29

intermediate technology is technology that is easy to maintain and is cheap.

Question 30

what are the three types of aid

Answer 30

the three types of aid are : - multilateral - bilateral - charitable/voluntary

Question 31

what is bilateral aid

Answer 31

bilateral aid is aid which is sent directly from HIC's to LIC's

Question 32

what is multilateral aid

Answer 32

multilateral aid is aid which is given to LIC’s through the world bank, from HIC’s

Question 33

what is charitable/voluntary aid

Answer 33

charitable/voluntary aid is aid from HIC's, which is given to LIC's through the non government organisations (NGO's)

Question 34

what physical factors have caused different levels of development in the world

Answer 34

physical factors which have caused differing levels of development in the world are : - climate - natural hazards - location

Question 35

what historical factors have caused differing levels of development in the world

Answer 35

historical factors which have caused differing levels of development in the world are : - the slave trade - wars

Question 36

how has climate caused differing levels of development in the world

Answer 36

climate has caused differing levels of development in the world as in some areas there is extreme temperatures which means that water supply is scarce, land is infertile and disease spreads quickly, preventing a country from making advancements

Question 37

how does a country’s location affect its development

Answer 37

a country’s location can affect their development as if they are landlocked for example they can’t undergo in trade across seas

Question 38

how have natural hazards caused differing levels of development in the world

Answer 38

natural hazards have caused differing levels of development in the world as if a country experiences frequent natural hazards, they will spend all of their money rebuilding instead of investing and developing

Question 39

how has the slave trade caused differing levels of development in the world

Answer 39

the slave trade has caused differing levels of development in the world as during the slave trade workers and resources were taken from african nations leaving them without the necessary requirements needed for development

Question 40

what are tariffs and quotas

Answer 40

tariffs are taxes on imported goods and quotas are limits on the quantity of goods that can be imported

Question 41

what are micro finance loans

Answer 41

micro-finance loans are small loans given to local businesses for small scale projects

Question 42

what must a country have in order to be classed as ‘developed’

Answer 42

in order to be classed as a developed country, majority of the population must have access to adequate healthcare, water and education

Question 43

what is the multiplier affect

Answer 43

the multiplier effect is: - the cycle of factories creating jobs and money which is then invested by the government into the country’s schools and healthcare - this causes the population to be better educated and healthier which attracts new investments from other countries and allows the country to develop

Question 44

what does TNC stand for

Answer 44

TNC stands for transnational corporation