Paper 2- Topic 2: Sports Psychology Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is a skill, a closed skill and an open skill
Skills are specific, defined tasks that can be learned and practiced. They contribute towards the overall activity.
Closed skills aren’t affected by the environment as they’re predictable and the timing of the skill is largely down to the individual involved e.g. penalty, tennis serve or golf swing.
Open skills are performed in a changeable environment and the execution of the skill is influenced by conditions of play, teammates or opponents e.g. a tackle, a block or any distance race.
What are basic and complex skills
Basic skill- a simple skill requiring little concentration to execute e.g. running, passing or catching.
Complex skill- a skill requiring lots of attention and concentration e.g. front flip, tennis serve or shot putt.
What are low and high organisation skills
Low organisation skill- a basic skill that can be easily broken into different phases so each part can be practiced separately e.g. swimming or triple jump.
High organisation skill- a skill that can’t be broken down easily into different phases to be practiced separately e.g. diving, cartwheel or golf swing.
What are massed practice and distributed practice
Massed practice-practice that occurs without breaks between trials and consecutively allows performers to increase consistency of a skill and get used to performing it when tired.
Distributed practice- intervals between skill practice in a training session for rest or mental rehearsal; allows for feedback for learning a new skill.
What are fixed and variable practice.
Fixed practice- repeatedly practicing a whole skill within a training e.g. focusing solely on passing in football.
Variable practice- a training session that includes frequent changes of task so that the skill can be repeated in different situations with a new scenario added.
What does SMART stand for
Specific- must be specific to the demands of the sport, muscles r movements used.
Measurable- must be possible to measure whether the target has been met.
Achievable- goal must be challenging but attainable to not demotivate the performer.
Realistic- athletes must work hard and have the resources to achieve the goal.
Time-bound- goal must cover a set time period so performer knows if they’ve reached it in set time.
What is goal setting and what can it do when done effectively
Goal setting- creating a target for yourself to work towards to improve in a certain area of a sport.
Effective goal setting can: allow analysis of current strengths and weaknesses, gives a performer something attainable to aim for, improves focus increases effort, develop perseverance, supply additional motivation and improves overall performance.
What are outcome and performance goals
Outcome goals- a goal that happens once you’ve finished, focused on the end, they’re hard to control as different factors depend on the goal happening.
Performance goals- an individual goal to achieve, based on what they’ve already achieved and what they want to achieve in the future.
What is visual and verbal guidance
Visual guidance- information given to a performer to help them develop that they can see.
Advantages: useful for all levels, vision is a dominant sense and allow people to see requirements.
Disadvantages: must be good quality, some skills are complex and it requires full attention.
Verbal guidance- information given to a performer verbally describing how to do the skill.
Advantages: highlights key teaching points, share basic information and good for high level performers.
Disadvantages: cause ‘information overload’, boring and complex skills are hard to explain.
What is manual and mechanical guidance
Manual guidance- information given to a performer to help them develop involving them being physically moved into the correct position.
Advantages: good for beginners and allows for correct feel.
Disadvantages: movement is different from someone and yourself, they think they’re not doing it and they become reliant on it.
Mechanical guidance- information given to a performer to develop using equipment to assist in learning process.
Advantages: for dangerous skills and confidence building.
Disadvantages: expensive equipment and may become reliant on the equipment.
What are the 4 types of feedback
Intrinsic- a player understanding what to doo by themselves or how well they’re done based on how the movement feels.
Extrinsic- a coach telling a player what to do or how well they’ve done.
Concurrent- information a player receives during the performance they’re completing.
Terminal- information a player receives after the performance they’ve completed with knowledge of results or of performance.
What are types of mental preperation
Selective attention- blocking out any unnecessary information or noise to completely focus on the end result.
Imagery- imagining or visualising being successful or doing a skill correctly.
Positive mental thinking- being optimistic and confident about doing well and winning.
These all push away doubt, reduces anxiety, allows focus and allows recalling of previous successful performances.
