PAPER 3 - Emergence and evolution of modern sport Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of POPULAR RECREATION ?

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A
Natural 
Local 
Cruel
Occasional 
Courtly 
Rural 
Occupational 
Wagering 
Simple
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of RATIONAL RECREATION ?

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A
Regional 
Codification 
Respectable 
Fair play 
Regular 
Exclusive 
Urban 
Amateurism 
Purpose built facilities
Control of Gambling
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3
Q

What is POPULAR RECREATION ?

A

PRE-INDUSTRIAL sports and pastime mainly associated with the LOWER CLASS. Reflects the society, life and time in which it exists.

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4
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL : SOCIAL CLASS

A

2 classes

UPPER CLASS = sophisticated, complex rules, require time and money - real tennis, fox hunting

LOWER CLASS = simple, few rules, violent - mob football

BOTH = pedestrianism - lower class = competed, upper class = patrons (sponsor)

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5
Q

Where did PEDESTRIANISM stem from ?

A

occupation of the lower class - footmen - make sure carriages didn’t overturn on the rough track

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6
Q

What is PEDESTRIANISM ?

A

a form of nineteenth-century competitive walking

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7
Q

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : GENDER

A
  • women participated events
  • shaped by the expected behaviour
  • ‘weaker sex’
  • LC = few rights
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8
Q

What sports event did UC women compete in - pre-industrial ?

A

archery

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9
Q

What sports event did LC women compete in - pre-industrial ?

A

smock race

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10
Q

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : LAW AND ORDER

A
  • not many formal laws

- LC = violent sports - bare knuckled fighting

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11
Q

What did the 1829 Metropolitan Police Act create ?

A

modern police force through the actions of the Home Secretary - Sir Robert Peel

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12
Q

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : TIME AND MONEY

A

UPPER CLASS:

  • more time and money
  • longer lasting events
  • afford equipment / transport / facilities
  • fox hunting

LOWER CLASS

  • long hours labouring land
  • confined to holy days
  • short duration
  • localised
  • throwing contest
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13
Q

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : EDUCATION

A

UPPER CLASS:

  • educated
  • understand rules of complex sports
  • real tennis

LOWER CLASS:

  • uneducated / illiterate
  • mob football
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14
Q

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : TRANSPORT

A

UPPER CLASS:

  • horse and cart
  • more opportunities
  • longer lasting
  • facilities

LOWER CLASS:

  • no transport
  • local
  • short
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15
Q

INDUSTRIAL : SOCIAL CLASS

A
  • stronger divisions
  • middle-class = factory owners
  • middle class went to public schools
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16
Q

INDUSTRIAL : GENDER

A
  • restricted opportunities for women
  • expected to marry and have children
  • allowed to become teachers (low-paid job)
  • however changed occurred due to war
17
Q

INDUSTRIAL : LAW AND ORDER

A
  • development of laws
  • change in laws = less violence in sport
  • upper class held onto cruel sports
  • laws made by upper class
18
Q

INDUSTRIAL : EDUCATION

A
  • national system of education
  • upper class didnt want middle class to be educated
  • middle class wanted children to work to earn money
  • Education Act 1870 gave rise to national system of education = establishment of elementary schools
19
Q

INDUSTRIAL : TIME AND MONEY

A
  • employers realised benefits of sport
  • saturday half-day introduced
  • large factories would pay for annual excursion
  • end of 20th century working hours = 37-40hrs
20
Q

INDUSTRIAL : TRANSPORT

A
  • development of roads / bikes / railways
  • allowed fixtures
  • venues around the country
21
Q

What was the influence of PUBLIC SCHOOLS ?

A
  • Thomas Arnold = house system
  • athleticism (physical endeavour and morals)
  • pupils went to university with their rules = melting pot
  • 1845 = rugby rules written down