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A LEVEL PHYSICAL EDUCATION [OCR] > PAPER 3 > SPORT AND SOCIETY > Flashcards

PAPER 3 > SPORT AND SOCIETY Flashcards

1
Q

PRE-INDUSTRIAL TIME PERIOD

A

1750 - 1850

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2
Q

POST INDUSTRIAL TIME PERIOD

A

1851 - 1900

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3
Q

PUBLIC SCHOOL TIME PERIOD

A

19th century

[ 1800’s ]

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4
Q

TWENTIETH CENTURY

A

1900 - 2000

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5
Q

TWENTY FIRST CENTURY

A

2000 - present

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6
Q

POPULAR RECREATION

A

pre industrial Britain

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7
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

A

post industrial Britain

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8
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ SOCIAL CLASS SYSTEM ]

A

distinction between the two classes [fuedal system]
> UC - gentry / aristrocrats
> LC - peasants

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9
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ SOCIAL CLASS ]

A

> UC - more disposable income / better travel / more participation
LC - less disposable income / too tired from work / lower wages from work

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10
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ SOCIAL CLASS ]

A

past times were irregular
> sport was most often violent as LC didn’t understand / preferred violence / no rules
> UC - followed codified rules / education allowed for them to understand

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11
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ GENDER ]

A

women had a smaller role in sport than the men

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12
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ WHAT SPORTS DID WOMEN PLAY ]

A

> bat and ball races

> smock races - win dress

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13
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ WHAT SPORTS DID MEN PLAY ]

A

more practical / all sports
violent / sense of perceiving masculinity
> mob football / rugby

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14
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ LAW AND ORDER ]

A

cruel and violent aspects

> harsh living conditions

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15
Q

PRE INDUSTRAIL BRITAIN

[ LOWER CLASS - LAW AND ORDER ]

A

violence was apparent in everything they did - including sports

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16
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ UPPER CLASS - LAW AND ORDER ]

A

saw lower class activities as beneath them and didn’t want to be associated

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17
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ SPORTS PLAYED BY LOWER CLASS ]

A

> mob football
dog fighting
animal baiting
bare knuckle fighting

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18
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ UPPER CLASS - EDUCATION AND LITERACY ]

A 
> went to school 
> have money and disposable income 
> kids went to school
> kids get to play sports
> have more opportunities
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19
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ LOWER CLASS - EDUCATION ]

A 
> don't go to school
> no money 
> no education 
> have to work instead 
> must help support their families so give up education
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20
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ LOWER CLASS - LITERACY ]

A

> high levels of illiteracy
needed rules that were simple and easy to understand
violence

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21
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ LOWER CLASS - AVAILABILITY OF TIME ]

A

> sport was only occasionally played due to their long working hours
irregular past times - only played on holiday / holy days
limited time had a small contribution to sport being local due to the lack of time to get others to participate

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22
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ UPPER CLASS - AVAILABILITY OF TIME ]

A

> didn’t usually work
pastimes were regular
sport was used as recreation

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23
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ UPPER CLASS - AVAILABILITY OF MONEY ]

A

> gentry had more opportunity to wager on lower class competitors
wagering allowed them to show off how much money they have
spectated over LC as they participate

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24
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ LOWER CLASS - AVAILABILITY OF MONEY ]

A

> wagering gives them a chance to make their own money

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25
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ LOWER CLASS - AVAILABILITY / TYPE OF TRANSPORT ]

A

> local sporting events had large amounts of followers

> would have to walk everywhere

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26
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ UPPER CLASS - AVAILABILITY / TYPE OF TRANSPORT ]

A

> had more money and time to travel

> could afford horse and carriage

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27
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN ACRONYM

A 
N > natural
L > local
S > simple
C > cruel / violent 
O > occasional
C > courtly
R > rural
O > occupational
W > wagering
28
Q

POST INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

A

rational recreational

29
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION ACRONYM

A 
R > regional / national / international
C > codification 
R > respectable
F > fair-play
R > regular 
E > exclusive / elitist 
U > urban / sub-urban
C > control of gambling 
A > amateurism / professionalism 
P > purpose built facilities
30
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION ACRONYM RHYME

A 
rabbits 
called 
robert 
frequently 
ride 
elephants
usually 
called 
austin 
powers
31
Q

INDUSTRIALISATION

A

saw the emergence of middle class
> offered better rates of work to people to attract them to move to the city
> mostly benefited from industrialisation
> willingness from MC and UC in terms of education and lifestyle (public schools)

32
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION SCHOOLS

A

public school emergence

> more schools - public schools - more participation

33
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION IDEAL

A 
19th century middle class and reformers hoped to impose on the urban working class of their day 
> believed leisure activities should be controlled / ordered and improving qualities typically found
34
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL BRITAIN

[ LOWER CLASS - SPORTS ]

A

violent nature / illiterate / lacked rules / unwritten rules / no boundaries / no officials / frowned upon by employers / many injuries

35
Q

RELIGIOUS OUTLOOK ON LOWER CLASS SPORTS

A

did not agree due to violent nature

36
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ SOCIAL CLASS - A&P ]

A

post 1850’s divide of amateurs and professionals
> LC were professionals (paid jobs)
> UC were amateurs (hobbies)

37
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ SOCIAL CLASS - UC OUTLOOK ]

A

UC wanted to prevent mixture of social classes
> increased membership fees so LC could not afford
> had different changing rooms

38
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ SOCIAL CLASS - FACTORIES ]

A

MC were the owners of factories
> employed LC
> formed sports teams through their factory
> LC professionals were scouted through factory

39
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ SOCIAL CLASS - LC / MC / UC ]

A

> LC - performers / athletes
MC - agents of LC
UC - spectators / sponsors

40
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ GENDER - WOMEN ]

A

women began to fight for equal rights to men

> women were starting to be allowed to participate more

41
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ GENDER - SPORTS ]

A

began to play lawn tennis
> leisurely rather than violent
> starting to become socially accepted
> men and women both playing sport during this time
> eliminating stereotypes created by Victorians

42
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ LAW AND ORDER - SPORTS ]

A

banned sports:
> animal baiting
> cock fighting
> bare knuckle fighting

43
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ LAW AND ORDER - VIOLENCE ]

A

society started to become less violent

> refinement of rules in certain sports and games

44
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ LAW AND ORDER - EDUCATION ]

A

education and literacy were improving
> resulting in less violence in society
> more rules within games

45
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ LAW AND ORDER - UC / MC ]

A

> UC still did not make these changes as did not want to associate with MC and LC
MC made the changes to mke workforce more productive

46
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ AVAILABILITY OF TIME - WORKING DAYS ]

A

> 12 hour days
6 days a week
allowed time to go to church / play sports
seen to make the workplace more productive

47
Q

POPULAR RECREATION

[ AVAILABILITY OF TIME - WORKING DAYS ]

A

> 12 - 14 hour days
7 days a week
less free time
no time for recreational periods / sport / church

48
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ AVAILABILITY OF MONEY ]

A

increase in wages

> allowed for more of the population to participate / spectate sports across the country

49
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ AVAILABILITY / TYPE OF TRANSPORT ]

A

more affordable
> trains were more affordable / cheaper
> travelling further distances was possible
> able to create leagues
> people could travel to compete / spectate

50
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ DAYS OFF ]

A

> introduced bank holidays

> introduced paid holiday

51
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSPORT ]

A

improvements in transport led to the shaping of
characteristics of sport post 1850
> allowed teams / individuals to travel greater distance
> allowing to play greater range of opponents
> increase in opportunities for spectators / supporters
> affordable so not only accessible for UC

52
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ EDUCATION ]

A

Education Act 1870
> Foster Act
> beginning of modern education system in UK

53
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ EDUCATION - SCHOOLS ]

A

establishment of elementary schools nationwide
> free to attend - 1891 education act
> supplement existing schools owned by churches and private individuals

54
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ EDUCATION - SYSTEM DELAY ]

A

delayed education system

> UC wanted control over masses to be more powerful than LC

55
Q

RATIONAL RECREATION

[ EDUCATION - REPORTS ]

A

> Clareden - 1864 (nine public schools)
Taunton - 1868 (separate institutions for MC)
Newcastle - 1861 (made provision for masses)

56
Q

19TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

[ NINE SCHOOLS ]

A 
> rugby 
> eton
> westminster
> winchester
> st pauls 
> merchant taylors 
> charterhouse 
> shrewsbury 
> harrow
57
Q

19TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

{ PROMOTIONS ]

A

> promotion and organisation of sport
promotion of ethics through school
cult of athleticism

58
Q

19TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

A

meaning / nature / impact / spread and export of games / game ethic

59
Q

19TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

[ PUBLIC SCHOOLS ]

A

> fee paying
boarding
MC and UC boys
scholarships available

60
Q

19TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

[ ISSUES WITH PUBLIC SCHOOLS - FAGGING SYSTEM ]

A

prefect ‘fagging’ system
> older children treating younger children like peasants
> year 7’s vs year 11’s
> parents were very concerned
> bullying and brutality
> parents threatening to move their children’s out of schools
> if children leave - less revenues for schools - less opportunities for children

61
Q

19TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

[ PROMOTION AND ORGANISATION OF SPORTS ]

A

> space and time available
revised the fagging system
recognised regular sport to be a development of character of schoolboys
(rules/handshake)
distraction for exertion of energy in a positive way

62
Q

19TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

[ HOUSE SYSTEM ]

A

introduced housing systems within schools
> sense of unity between boys
> sense of belonging

63
Q

19TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

[ PREFECTS ]

A 
> organise teams
> organise events
> older year boys 
> ethical well-being
> respect throughout school
64
Q

19TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

[ INTERHOUSE / INTERSCHOOL ]

A

organise school teams to compete against other schools and other teams within one school

65
Q

19TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

[ IMPACT OF PROMOTION AND ORGANISATION OF SPORT ]

A 
> healthier / regular competition
> leadership / role models
> key influence of linking sport and moral ethical character 
> healthy body / healthy mind 
> muscular christianity

A LEVEL PHYSICAL EDUCATION [OCR] (15 decks)

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