Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

sports studies > paper one > Flashcards

paper one Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the different functions of the skeleton?

A

support/shape
protection
movement
blood cell production
mineral storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the functions of the different types of bones?

A

long - larger gross movements
short - smaller fine movements
flat - protect internal organs
irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are synovial joints?

A

ball and socket joints, hinge joints
for a wide range of movement and prevents injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does bursae do?

A

sacs of fluid
reduce friction between bones and tissues in and around the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the joint capsule do?

A

encloses and supports the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the synovial membrane do?

A

releases synovial fluid into joint capsule and lubricates the joint allowing it to move more easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does synovial fluid do?

A

lubricates the joint - allows it to move more easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the cartilage do?

A

end of bones covered in cartilage and shaped so they fit together and can move smoothly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a concentric contraction?

A

contracts and shortens - pulls on a bone to cause movement
e.g upwards phase of a bicep curl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is an eccentric contraction?

A

muscle contracts and lengthens - helps you control the speed of a movement
e.g downward phase of a bicep curl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is an isometric contraction?

A

muscle stays the same length - nothing moves
e.g plank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is an isotonic contraction?

A

muscle changes length
e.g upward phase of a pushup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is an agonist?

A

muscle that’s contracting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the antagonist?

A

muscle that’s relaxing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens to the the intercostal muscles during inspiration and expiration?

A

inspiration - contract, ribs move upwards and outwards, chest expands
expiration - relax, ribs move downwards and inwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens to the diaphragm during inspiration and expiration?

A

inspiration - contracts, pulls down and flattens
expiration - relaxes and domes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens to the lungs during inspiration and expiration?

A

inspiration - increase in size
expiration - decrease in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

characteristics of the alveoli?

A

lots of capillaries - huge blood supply to exchange gases with
large surface area and thin walls - gases only have to move short distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the residues volume in spirometer trace?

A

volume of air that remains in lungs after forced max expiration
(no change during exercise)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the expiratory reserve volume in spirometer trace?

A

volume able to be forcibly expired after a normal breath
(decreases slightly during exercise)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the inspiratory reserve volume in spirometer trace?

A

volume able to be forcibly inspired during normal breathing
(decreases during exercise)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the tidal volume in spirometer trace?

A

volume of air inspired or expired per breath
(increases during exercise)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

glucose -> energy + lactic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the immediate effects of exercise?
hot/sweaty/red skin increase in depth and frequency of breathing increased heart rate
26
what are the short term effects of exercise?
tiredness/fatigue light headedness nausea DOMs
27
what are the long term effects of exercise?
body shape may change improvements in specific components of fitness build muscle strength improve muscular endurance improve speed improve suppleness build cardio vascular endurance improve stamina increase in the size of the heart (hypertrophy) lower resting heart rate (bradycardia)
28
what is a mechanically advantaged lever?
long effort arm, short resistance arm moves a large load with small effort moves the load short distances at low speeds
29
what is a mechanically disadvantaged lever?
long resistance arm, small effort arm requires large effort to move a small load moves the load quickly through a large range of movement
30
what is a frontal plane?
divides body into front and back e.g cartwheel
31
what is a transverse plane?
divides body into top and bottom e.g spinning in skating
32
what is a sagittal plane?
divides body into left and right sides e.g chest pass
33
what is a longitudinal axis?
runs through body from top to bottom e.g spin in skating
34
what is a transverse axis?
runs through body from left to right e.g chest pass
35
what is a sagittal axis?
runs through body from front to back e.g cartwheel
36
definition of health?
state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the bases of disease or infirmity
37
definition of fitness?
the ability to meet the demands of the environment
38
cardio-vascular endurance?
ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles
39
muscular endurance?
ability to repeatedly use the muscles over a long time, without getting tired
40
strength?
the ability to overcome a resistance
41
speed?
maximum rate to cover a set distance in a period of time
42
agility?
The ability to move and change direction quickly whilst maintaining control
43
co-ordination?
The ability to use two or more parts of the body together, smoothly and efficiently.
44
flexibility?
The range of movements possible at a joint
45
power?
combination of speed and strength
46
reaction time?
The time taken to initiate a response to a stimulus
47
muscular endurance?
ability of a muscle or muscle group to undergo repeated contractions avoiding fatigue
48
balance?
ability to retain centre of mass over a base of support
49
fitness test for co-ordination?
wall toss test 1. stand 2m away fro. a wall 2.throw ball from right hand and catch in left - repeat for 30 seconds and count number of catches
50
fitness test for reaction time?
ruler drop test equipment: stopwatch, ball and a wall 1. friend hold ruler vertically between your thumb and first finger 2. Friend drops the ruler - catch as soon as you see it drop 3. Read distance the ruler fell before you caught it
51
fitness test for flexibility?
sit and reach test equipment: ruler and a box 1. Sit on floor with legs straight in front of you and box flat against your feet 2. reach as far forward as you can and assistant measures how far you've reached in cm
52
fitness test for cardio-vascular endurance?
multi-stage fitness test equipment: tape measure, cones, recording, speakers 1. recording of timed bleeps play - run shuttles between two lines 20m apart starting on first bleep 2. Foot must touch each line as a next bleep sounds 3. If you miss a bleep, you're allowed two further bleeps to catch up - miss three bleeps, level and shuttle are recorded as final score
53
fitness test for speed?
30m sprint test equipment: stopwatch, tape measure, cones 1. run 30m as fast as you can and record time in seconds
54
fitness test for maximal strength?
one rep max test equipment: gym weight equipment 1. start with a weight you know you can lift - once successfully lifted, rest for a few minutes 2. Increase weight gradually until you reach a weight you can't lift in a single lift 3. last weight is recorded as your one rep max
55
fitness test for power?
vertical jump test equipment: chalk, tape measure and a wall 1. put chalk on fingertips and stand side on to a wall 2. raise the arm that's nearest the wall and mark highest point you can reach 3. measure between marks in cm
56
fitness test for agility?
Illinois agility test equipment: stopwatch, cones and tape measure 1. set out cones in a 10m by 5m rectangle with 4 cones down the middle 2. performer starts face down on the floor 3.when whistle blows, run around the course as fast as you can 4. record time completed in
57
fitness test for balance?
stork stand test equipment: stopwatch 1. stand on your best leg with your other foot touching your knee and your hands on your hips 2. raise your heel so you're standing on your toes and time how long you can hold the position for in seconds 3. test finishes if your heel touches the ground or your other foot or hands move 4. take the best out of three attempts in seconds
58
fitness test for strength?
handgrip dynamometer test equipment: a dynamometer 1. grip as hard as you can for about five seconds and record your reading in kg 2. do this three times and take your best score
59
fitness test for muscular endurance?
sit-up bleep test equipment: a metronome and non-slip surface 1. set pace of 20 sit ups a minute 2. test is finished either when you fail to do a full sit-up in time twice in a. row, or if you keep going for four minutes 3. count how many sit ups you complete
60
reasons for fitness testing?
identify strengths and weaknesses monitor improvement show starting level of fitness compare against normal averages set goals
61
limitations of fitness testing?
not sports specific don't replicate movement don't use direct measuring correct procedures to increase validity
62
what are the target training zones?
fat burning - 50%-60% aerobic - 60%-80% anaerobic - 80%-90%
63
what are the advantages and disadvantages of continuous training?
advantages - easy to do, not resting helps prepare for sports where you have to play without a break disadvantages - doesn't improve anaerobic fitness, becomes boring, can lead to injury due to repeated use of same muscles
64
what are the advantages and disadvantages of fartlek training?
advantages - very adaptable so can tailor to different sports disadvantages - frequent changes to intensity mean a lack in structure - easy to skip hard bits
65
what are the advantages and disadvantages of interval training?
advantages - easily adapted to improve aerobic or anaerobic fitness by changing intensity and length of work and recovery periods disadvantages - exhausting - makes it difficult to keep pushing yourself, risk of injury due to high intensity
66
what are the advantages and disadvantages of weight training?
advantages - easily adapted to suit different sports - focus on relevant muscles, many exercises require little or no equipment disadvantages - puts muscles under high stress levels - DOMS, if technique isn't correct, can be dangerous
67
what are the advantages and disadvantages of circuit training?
advantages: match circuit to an individual or component of fitness, variety keeps training interesting disadvantages - takes a long time to set up and requires lots of equipment and space
68
what are the advantages and disadvantages of plyometric training?
advantages - only form of raining that directly improves your powe disadvantages - very demanding on ,muscles used - need to be very fit to do it otherwise injury may occur
69
what are the advantages and disadvantages of high altitude training?
advantages - improves cardio-vascular endurance disadvantages - effects only last for short time, can be very expensive, altitude sickness
70
what are the advantages and disadvantages of static stretching?
advantages - improves flexibility, everyone can do it, increases range movement at a joint disadvantages - poor technique can lead to injury, only effective for stretching certain muscle groups
71
ways to prevent injury?
warm up hydration correct technique correct clothing/equipment taping and bracing structure training correctly
72
ways to recover after sport?
cool down leave enough recovery time eat and rehydrate ice baths/massage
73
stroke volume?
amount of blood pumped out of left ventricle pr beat
74
cardiac output?
amount of blood pumped out of left ventricle per minute
75
what is excess post-exercise oxygen consumption?
amount of oxygen needed to remove lactic acid from fatigued muscles
76
oxygen debt?
amount of oxygen performer was short of during exercise

sports studies (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions