Paper1

Question 1

Kinetic energy

Answer 1

0.5xmassxvelocity2

Question 2

Gravitational potential energy

Answer 2

Mass x height x gravitational field strength

Question 3

Power (2)

Answer 3

Energy transferred/time
Or
Work done/time

Question 4

Insulation types

Answer 4

Cavity wall
Double glazing

Both use a layer of air to reduce heat loss from homes

Question 5

Efficiency

Answer 5

Useful output/total input x 100

Question 6

What is the current

Answer 6

A flow of electrons flowing through a circuit

Question 7

What is potential difference?

Answer 7

Force propelling the electrons forward into the circuit

Question 8

Bulb characteristic lines

Answer 8

Resistor - directly proportional

Bulb-flimsy line as temperature effects the resistance

Diode-line only positive as current can only go one way

Question 9

Mains electricity

Answer 9

230v

50hz

Question 10

Wires in plug

Answer 10

Earth wire (green-yellow) used for safety if plug casing ever went live

Live wire (brown) carries current

Neutral wire(blue)completes circuit

Question 11

Power equation with PD

Answer 11

Potential difference x current

Question 12

Power

Current

Answer 12

Current2x resistance

Question 13

Energy

Electricity

Answer 13

Power x time
Or
Charge x potential difference

Question 14

Energy transfer pendulum

Answer 14

GPE is transferred to KE as the pendulum swings down . KE transfers to GPE as it swings up .

Energy loss occurs due to thermal energy

Question 15

When is work done?

Answer 15

When energy is transferred from one store to another

Question 16

Fossil fuels

Answer 16

Non sustainable
Polluting

However

Fossil fuels are more reliable
Can meet energy demands
Relatively cheap

Question 17

Nuclear power

Answer 17

Non renewable
Produce nuclear waste that must be stored for over a thousand years
Dismantling a power plant takes a long time

However

Extremely reliable
Does not contribute to climate change

Question 18

Energy mix

Answer 18

Until 1950s coal was used
By 1980s 20 percent of power was nuclear
In 1970s scientists began to realise the effects of fossil fuels.
UK is lucky can can establish lots of wind farms and HEP plants

Reliability holds back renewable energy sources

Question 19

PD in a series circuit

Answer 19

Total Pd Across all components are equal to that of the power supply

Question 20

PD in parallel circuit

Answer 20

Each component including a power supply have the same PD

Question 21

LDR

Answer 21

In dark conditions the resistor has a high resistance

In light conditions the resistor it has a low resistance

Question 22

Thermistor

Answer 22

The resistance of a thermistor will decrease when temperature increases

Question 23

what is the main benefit of AC

Answer 23

Can use a transformer to increase or decrease the PD

Question 24

National grid

Answer 24

Electricity passes through a step up transformer maximizing voltage reducing energy loss

When reaching the house the PD goes through a step down transformer reverting the PD back to normal

Question 25

Static electricty

Answer 25

If you rub 2 insulators together the friction caused will transfer electrons from one material to another . This positively charges one and negatively charges another

Question 26

Electric fields

Answer 26

Each charged object generates an electric field. | If 2 objects of the same charge are placed next to each other a force of repulsion will occur

Question 27

What way do electrons flow?

Answer 27

Negative to positive

Question 28

What do resistors do

Answer 28

Reduce the flow of the current

Question 29

Density equation

Answer 29

Mass/volume

Question 30

Solids Liquids Gases DENSITY

Answer 30

Solids-because particles are tightly packed together they have a lot of mass for their volume Liquids-because their particles are still close together they have a lot of mass for their volume Gases have a very low mass for their volume as the particles are not near each other

Question 31

Internal energy

Answer 31

All 3 states have internal energy | It is made up of kinetic energy and potential energy (chemical bonds and intermolecular forces

Question 32

What is specific latent heat

Answer 32

Amount of energy needed to the state of 1kg of a substance

Question 33

Solid to liquid | Liquid to gas

Answer 33

Specific latent heat of fusion | Specific latent heat of vaporisation

Question 34

How do you increase the pressure of a gas ?

Answer 34

Increase temperature will increase the number of particles colliding on the walls of the container

Question 35

Work done on a gas

Answer 35

If we compress a gas then work has been done because we have applied a force onto a gas causing energy to be transferred to the particles increasing the internal energy store

Question 36

Radius of atom

Answer 36

1x10-10m

Question 37

How can electrons change energy lvl

Answer 37

If an electron absorbs EM radiation then it will have enough energy to move to the next energy level. It will emit that radiation losing energy and will move back down

Question 38

What is radioactive decay ?

Answer 38

A total random process. When an isotope has an unstable nucleus radiation is emitted

Question 39

What is activity ?

Answer 39

The rate at which a source of unstable nuclei will decay

Question 40

Alpha particles

Answer 40

Highly ionising Can only travel 5cm in the air Stopped by a sheet of paper

Question 41

Beta

Answer 41

Can travel 15 cm in air Quite ionising Stopped by a few mm of alluminuim

Question 42

Gamma

Answer 42

Can travel several metres Stopped by 2 m of led Not very ionising

Question 43

Half life

Answer 43

The time it takes for half of the radioactive material to decay