Papers

Question 1

What is the structure usually followed in research papers?

Answer 1

IMRaD

Question 2

What is IMRaD?

Answer 2

Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Abstract

Question 3

What verb tense is used in the abstract and introduction for aims and hypothesis?

Answer 3

past tense

Question 4

What verb tense is used in the introduction for existing evidence?

Answer 4

present

Question 5

What verb tense is used in the methods/results?

Answer 5

simple past

Question 6

What verb tense is used in the discussion?

Answer 6

simple present + simple past

Question 7

What verb tense is used in the result analysis?

Answer 7

past

Question 8

What verb tense is used in the captions/legends?

Answer 8

present

Question 9

Where is the abstract found?

Answer 9

Before the introduction, even though it is written last

Question 10

How many words should the title be?

Answer 10

maximum 15 words

Question 11

Which punctuation can be used in the title?

Answer 11

NEVER full stop
colons

Question 12

What is declarative title?

Answer 12

states the main finding of the study in itself

Question 13

What is an indicative title?

Answer 13

Gives the purpose of the study

Question 14

What is the short running title?

Answer 14

A shorter version of main title at top of every non-title page

Question 15

How long should the short-running title be?

Answer 15

40 CHARACTERS

Question 16

List the 4 rules regarding abbreviations

Answer 16

1. Explain abbreviations when first used in text
2. Only abbreviate terms used throughout the manuscript
3. Punctuate latin abbreviations
4. Avoid using abbreviations at the beginning of sentences

Question 17

Structure of the paper

Answer 17

Title
Authors Names and Affiliations
Kew words and main abbreviations used
Abstract
IMRaD
Acknowledgments
List of references

Question 18

Definition of an author

Answer 18

Someone who contributes substantially to the conception, design, data, collection and interpretation, drafting and revision of text, approval or final version for submission

Question 19

Who is the corresponding author?

Answer 19

Submits the paper online+ Responds to reviewers’ suggestions and comments + answers readers’ questions after publication

Question 20

Who is the project chief/senior scientist?

Answer 20

guarantees a scientific quality of work

Question 21

How are authors listed?

Answer 21

1. Corresponding author
2. Authors listed in order of contribution
3. Project chief/senior scientist

Question 22

what is the standard length of a manuscript?

Answer 22

4000 words

Question 23

What is the abstract?

Answer 23

Free to read with no charge
Brief statement of results and conclusions of the paper
MUST BE STAND ALONE
might stimulate readers to invest time and money in reading the study

Question 24

What information should the abstract contain?

Answer 24

1. what are the objectives of the study were
2. how the study was done
3. what results were obtained
4. Significance of results

Question 25

What are the 2 types of abstracts?

Answer 25

Descriptive Abstract Structured abstract [preferred]

Question 26

how long should a structured abstract be?

Answer 26

400 words

Question 27

how long should a descriptive paragraph be?

Answer 27

250 words

Question 28

What does the introduction do?

Answer 28

Outlines the purpose, scope, plan of your investigation and justifies its importance: describes the present state of knowledge on the topic and introduces the questions your study investigates

Question 29

What should the results NEVER do?

Answer 29

Should never repeat data in text and in tables/graphs

Question 30

What happens in the discussion?

Answer 30

interprets rather than restates your results, compares your work with already existing studies, limitations and anomalies

Question 31

Where is the list of references found?

Answer 31

At the end of every paper

Question 32

What is the covering letter?

Answer 32

Can help overcome the editorial phase

Question 33

How long should the covering letter be?

Answer 33

200 words

Question 34

What must be included in the covering letter?

Answer 34

- editor's name; journal titel and street adress - data of submitting author - manuscript title - category - list of authors - statement: 'no previous publication' or 'not under review elsewhere'

Question 35

What is In-house review?

Answer 35

You invite comments from uninvolved colleagues

Question 36

How is the peer-review procedure conducted?

Answer 36

Blinded procedure: authors do not know the reviewers. the reviewers do not know the authors

Question 37

What comments do reviewers give?

Answer 37

1. comments for authors 2. comments to the editor [accept or reject]