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KIN 209 > PAR and KT > Flashcards

PAR and KT Flashcards

1
Q

PAR emerged, in part, in response to…

A

a distrust of traditional postpositivist research

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2
Q

PAR typically approached by researchers with _____ and _____ agendas.

A
  • political

- social

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3
Q

PAR is a particularly ____ and _____ research process because:

A
  • unique
  • emerging
  • co-generates knowledge with participants
  • results in practical outcomes for participants
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4
Q

PAR has been described by Brydon-Miller et al. as…

A

the sum of its individual terms

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5
Q

3 parts to PAR:

A
  • participatory
  • action
  • research
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6
Q

Participatory:

A

researchers and participants are involved in all phases of the research process

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7
Q

Action:

A

primary goal of the research is to create positive change to address injustices

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8
Q

Research:

A

social process of gathering and asserting knowledge

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9
Q

There is no ___ ___ ____ to do PAR studies.

A

one right way

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10
Q

PAR is not a _____ process. It is typically conceptualized as a _____ and _____ process.

A
  • linear
  • cyclical
  • iterative
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11
Q

2 possible processes for engaging in PAR include:

A
  • action research spiral

- five-phase PAR approach

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12
Q

Working closely with participants, action research spiral process involves a spiral of cycles that include:

A
  • planning
  • acting and observing
  • reflecting
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13
Q

Specifically with action research spiral, researchers will…

A
  • plan for change
  • act and observe with respect to change process and anticipated consequences
  • reflect on such processes and consequences
  • then re-plan, act and observe again, and reflect again
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14
Q

Compared to the action research spiral, the five-phase PAR approach is more _____.

A

detailed

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15
Q

Frisby and colleagues (2005) outlined a five-phase PAR approach that includes:

A
  • setting the research question
  • building trust
  • data collection
  • data analysis
  • communicating
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16
Q

In the five-phase PAR approach, the 5 phases should be constantly _____ among _____ and _____.

A
  • negotiated
  • researchers
  • participants
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17
Q

There are no specific ____ or _____ that must be used in PAR for data generation and analysis.

A
  • measures

- processes

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18
Q

______ are the most common process for generating data within PAR.

A

interviews

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19
Q

Other than interviews, what other processes can be used to generate data within PAR?

A
  • observations
  • personal diaries
  • photographs
  • visual artwork
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20
Q

Data analysis in PAR should align with….

A
  • research questions

- processes of data generation

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21
Q

PAR provides an opportunity to respectfully engage ______ populations in _____ ____, _______, and _____ research.

A
  • underrepresented
  • mutually beneficial
  • relevant
  • respectful
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22
Q

Who might be drawn to PAR? Why?

A
  • those who may be weary of traditional research approaches

- because of it’s defining features

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23
Q

Defining features of PAR:

A
  • participatory
  • collaborative
  • transformative
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24
Q

Inherent challenges of PAR:

A
  • establishing and nurturing relationships
  • ensuring ongoing participant collaboration
  • identifying action
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25
Q

What is KT?

A
  • knowledge translation

- sharing research findings, insights, experiences

26
Q

KT is a process that includes the _____, ______, _____, and _____ of knowledge.

A
  • synthesis
  • dissemination
  • exchange
  • application
27
Q

KT is also referred to as:

A
  • knowledge mobilization

- knowledge sharing

28
Q

KT is a ____ process that takes place within _____ system of interactions between _____ and _____ ____ (eg….)

A
  • dynamic
  • complex
  • researchers
  • knowledge users
  • eg. practitioners, educator, healthcare administrators, patient group
29
Q

4 core elements of KT:

A
  • synthesis
  • dissemination
  • exchange
  • ethically sound application of knowledge
30
Q

Synthesis:

A

contextualizing and integrating study findings within larger body of knowledge

31
Q

Synthesis examples:

A
  • systematic reviews
  • narrative reviews
  • meta-analyses
  • practical guidelines
32
Q

Dissemination:

A
  • tailoring knowledge exchange to a particular audience

- tailoring both the message and the medium

33
Q

Dissemination examples:

A
  • providing summaries for knowledge users

- delivering educational sessions with patients

34
Q

Exchange:

A

engagement between researchers and knowledge users

35
Q

Exchange results in mutual learning through:

A
  • planning
  • producing
  • disseminating
  • applying existing or new research
36
Q

Ethically sound application of knowledge:

A
  • putting knowledge into practice

- should be consistent with ethical principles, social values, and legal regulatory frameworks

37
Q

Some _____ exists between the 4 core elements of KT.

A

overlap

38
Q

2 ways to plan timing of KT activities:

A
  • activities occur at the end of research study

- activities integrated throughout duration of research study

39
Q

KT strategies are tangible strategies used by researchers to…

A
  • synthesize
  • disseminate
  • exchange
  • apply knowledge
40
Q

2 broad approaches to KT strategies:

A
  • traditional approaches

- innovative approaches

41
Q

The 2 approaches to KT are not necessarily ____ ____.

A
  • mutually exclusive

- some cross over between the approaches

42
Q

Traditional KT approaches include:

A
  • publications

- conference proceedings

43
Q

____ ____ ____ are probably the most familiar form of KT strategies.

A

published journal articles

44
Q

What happens with publications?

A
  • researcher submits manuscript to a journal in hopes of having it accepted for publication
  • manuscripts often undergo peer-review process
  • experts in respective fields critically review manuscript
45
Q

What happens with conference proceedings?

A
  • researchers present and discuss their research in person to an audience
  • provides interaction between researcher and audience
46
Q

Conference proceedings usually is in one of three formats:

A
  • verbal presentation
  • poster presentation
  • symposium
47
Q

Innovative KT approaches include:

A
  • arts-based
  • text-based
  • media-based
  • relationship-oriented
48
Q

What happens with arts-based KT approaches?

A
  • using art and performance

- requires researchers to extend beyond traditional training and experiences

49
Q

In arts-based KT approaches, sometimes line between ____ ______ and ____ _____ is blurred.

A
  • data generation

- data presentation

50
Q

Examples of arts-based KT approaches:

A
  • short firm
  • interpretive dance
  • ethnodrama
  • visual art
  • musical performance
51
Q

3 types of text-based KT approaches:

A
  • narratives
  • fictional narratives
  • poetic representation
52
Q

Narratives:

A

allow researchers to share research through storytelling

53
Q

Fictional narratives:

A

may reach general public to exchange information

54
Q

Poetic representation:

A

takes place when researchers transform data into poem-like presentation

55
Q

Media-based KT approaches:

A
  • social media (immediately disseminate findings to general public)
  • websites developed about research lab (updated info about previous and current research)
  • development of online tools to serve as resources
56
Q

Examples of media-based KT approaches:

A
  • TED talks

- Canada’s National 3-Minute Thesis competition

57
Q

Relationship-oriented KT approaches:

A
  • gatherings of people involved and interested in research

- provide forum to share info and engage with knowledge users

58
Q

Relationship-oriented KT approaches is premised on….

A
  • relationship-building

- interactions between researchers and knowledge users

59
Q

Choice of which KT strategy to use should be driven primarily by….

A

research question

60
Q

Other important factors that can influence which KT strategy chosen:

A
  • intended audience

- ethically sound strategies

61
Q

Opportunities for KT are…

A

seemingly endless

KIN 209 (21 decks)

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