paragaytology

Question 1

2 ways animals can obtain food at expense of other animals

Answer 1

Predation, Scavenging

Question 2

Difference of predation from scavenging

Answer 2

Predation - pumapatay ng hayop tapos kain
scavenging - kumakain na ng patay na hayop kadiri

Question 3

Symbiosis

Answer 3

“Living together”. Refers to association of two species for food and shelter.

Question 4

Commensalism`

Answer 4

“eating at the same table”. beneficial for one and at least not disadvantageous to other.

Question 5

3 types of symbiosis

Answer 5

Commensalism, Mutualism, parasitism,

Question 6

Mutualism

Answer 6

Specialized type of symbiosis where organisms are beneficial to each other.

Question 7

Parasitism

Answer 7

1 animal lives at the expense of the host.

Question 8

What is medical parasitology

Answer 8

a branch of biology that is focused on the animal parasites of humans and their medical significance and public health impact.

Question 9

An organism that depends

Answer 9

parasite

Question 10

an organism that provides shelter and norusishment

Answer 10

host

Question 11

Types of host

Answer 11

Definitive or final host, intermediate host, paratenic host, reservoir host.

Question 12

Harbors the adult or sexually mature stage of parasite

Answer 12

Definitive or final host

Question 13

definitive host for lymphatic filarial worms that cause elephantiasis and trypanosomes that cause african trypanosomiasis

Answer 13

humans

Question 14

The defiinitive host for plasmodium spp. that causes malaria.

Answer 14

Anopheles mosquito

Question 15

Harbors the larval stages or asexual forms of the parasites

Answer 15

Intermediate host

Question 16

harbors the early larval stage of the parasites

Answer 16

first intermediate host

Question 17

what is an intermediate host of all the trematodes

Answer 17

snail

Question 18

Blood feeding arthropods intermediate hosts?

Answer 18

Mosquitos, tsese flies, sandflies, triatomid bugs

Question 19

a blood feeding arthropod

Answer 19

vector

Question 20

used to describe a vector which assist in the transfer of a prasitic form between hosts but is not essential in the life cycle of parasite

Answer 20

mechanical vector

Question 21

does parasitic development occur in the vector?

Answer 21

no idiot!

Question 22

example of a mechanical vector

Answer 22

a fly that transfers amoebic cysts from infected feces to food/drink that is consumed by humans

Question 23

what is a non arthropods mechanical vector called?

Answer 23

transport or paratenic host

Question 24

in such host, a parasite remains viable but does not develop.

Answer 24

transport or paratenic host

Question 25

harbors the infective larval stage of the parasite. Example: snail, fish, vegetable, crabs, ants

Answer 25

Second intermediate host

Question 26

harbors the parasite in an underdeveloped or in arrested state of development

Answer 26

Paratenic host

Question 27

Alternative host to a parasite that is harbored normally by humans

Answer 27

Resorvoir host

Question 28

host the continues life cycle of the parasite and acts as an additional source of infection

Answer 28

resorvoir host

Question 29

pigs are known resorvoir host of

Answer 29

balantidium coli

Question 30

when normal host is an animal pero nakaabot sa human, examples: - Leishmaniasis - south american trypanosomiasis - african trypanosomiasis - schistosomiasis (S. japonicum) - trichinellosis - echinococcosis.

Answer 30

zoonosis

Question 31

Organisms that depend on the host for survival

Answer 31

Parasite

Question 32

Types of parasites

Answer 32

1. Obligate parasite 2. Facultative 3. Temporary parasite 4. intermittent parasite

Question 33

Organism cannot survive in any other manner in the absence of a host

Answer 33

Obligate parasite

Question 34

Organism may exist in a free-living state or as a commensal, but if there is oppurtunity may become parasitic

Answer 34

Facultative

Question 35

Obligatory at one or more stages of their life cycle but free livings at others.

Answer 35

Temporary parasite

Question 36

Small organisms, such as mosquitoes which must periodically seek out other and larger forms on which to nourish themselves.

Answer 36

Intermittent parasite

Question 37

These are parasites that visit their host during feeding time.

Answer 37

Intermittent parasite

Question 38

Parasites living within the host

Answer 38

Endoparasite

Question 39

Parasites found on the surface of the body

Answer 39

ectoparasite

Question 40

is due to increased resistance to the enzymatic activities of the host

Answer 40

preadaptive changes

Question 41

only group of protozoans that contain nothing but parasitic forms:

Answer 41

Phylum apicomplexa and microsporidia

Question 42

most of the free living turbellarian flatworms are provided with what at adult stage.

Answer 42

wala to nalimutan q tamang answer

Question 43

parasitic specialized attatchment organs of parasitic flatowmrs

Answer 43

suckers

Question 44

most of these species barely attain naked-eye visibility as adults

Answer 44

nematodes

Question 45

Loss of certain metabolic pathways common to free-living organisms.

Answer 45

Streamlining

Question 46

in its cercarial stage has penetration glands which produce enzyme capable of digesting the skin

Answer 46

blood fluke (schistosoma)

Question 47

during its embryonic stage prior to developing into a cysticeroid larva, penetrates an intestinal villus with the help of the six hooklets it bears

Answer 47

hymenolepis nana

Question 48

Giant intestinal fluke - may produce local severe local damage to intestinal wall by means of its powerful suckers.

Answer 48

Fasciolapis buski

Question 49

Erodes the intestinal wall, destroying the tissues locally by means of a proteolytic enzyme

Answer 49

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 50

pathogenic species of of malarial parasite

Answer 50

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 51

Invade and multiply in red blood cells, which are destroyed in the process. may attach to the walls of smaller blood vessels in the brain, causing localized ischemia

Answer 51

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 52

by virtue of their size may damage the host in other ways impossible for smaller parasites

Answer 52

helminths

Question 53

giant intestinal roundworm. May perforate the bowel wall, cause intestinal obstruction if present in large numbers and ectopically may invade the appendix, bile duct, and other organs

Answer 53

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 54

Parasites that exert their effects by depriving the host of essential substances. give mo yung example ng mga kumukuha ng iron and anong sakit pwede makuha there

Answer 54

Human hookworkms : 1. ancylostoma duodenale 2. necator americanus may cause microcytic hypochromic anemia

Question 55

Broad fish tapeworm

Answer 55

Dibothriocephalus latus

Question 56

Dibothriocephalus latus old name

Answer 56

Diphyllobothrium latum.

Question 57

Selectively removes B12 from the alimentary tract, producing a megaloblastic anemia in some infected persons

Answer 57

Dibothriocephalus latus

Question 58

having sickle cell anemia creates increased resistance to what?

Answer 58

Plasmodium falciparum infection

Question 59

Duffy null phenotype demonstrates resistance to whaT?

Answer 59

Plasmodium vivax infection

Question 60

high protein diet is unfavorable for the development of

Answer 60

many intestinal protozoans

Question 61

a low protein diet favors

Answer 61

appearance of symptoms of amoebiasis

Question 62

a rich carbohydrate favors the development of certain

Answer 62

tapeworms.

Question 63

primary infection with leishmania seems to give you a degree of immunity to reinfection or not?

Answer 63

it gives xd

Question 64

In encysting protozoans, their infective stage is called?

Answer 64

cyst

Question 65

Non-encysting protozoan, their infective stage is called?

Answer 65

trophozoite

Question 66

Infective stage is called the embryonated egg

Answer 66

egg laying nematodes