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Paramedic Pharmacology Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

What is the class of Acetaminophen?

A

Analgesic/Antipyretic

Acetaminophen is commonly known as Tylenol.

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Acetaminophen?

A

Inhibiting a variant of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-3) in the brain and spinal cord

This decreases prostaglandin synthesis, raising the pain threshold and lowering fever.

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3
Q

What are the indications for Acetaminophen?

A
  • Pain Control
  • Fever
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4
Q

What are the contraindications for Acetaminophen?

A
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Severe Liver Disease
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5
Q

What is the common adult dose of Acetaminophen?

A

300-1000 mg

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6
Q

What is the common pediatric dose of Acetaminophen?

A

15 mg/kg (Max 1000 mg)

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7
Q

What routes can Acetaminophen be administered?

A

PO/IVIO

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8
Q

What are some side effects of Acetaminophen when taken at recommended doses?

A

Generally well tolerated

Overdose or chronic high-dose use can lead to severe hepatotoxicity.

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9
Q

What can result from an overdose or chronic high-dose use of Acetaminophen?

A

Severe hepatotoxicity and may impair renal function

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10
Q

What are less common adverse effects of Acetaminophen?

A
  • Allergic skin reactions
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Neutropenia
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11
Q

What class of medication is Activated Charcoal?

A

Absorbant

Activated Charcoal is classified as an absorbent due to its ability to bind substances in the gastrointestinal tract.

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Activated Charcoal?

A

Adsorbs a wide range of toxins in the gastrointestinal tract by binding drugs and poisons to its large surface area, preventing systemic absorption

This mechanism promotes elimination of toxins in the feces.

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13
Q

What is the primary indication for Activated Charcoal?

A

Toxic Ingestion

Activated Charcoal is specifically indicated for cases of toxic ingestion.

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14
Q

What are the contraindications for using Activated Charcoal?

A

Caustic or Alkaline Ingestion

It should not be used in cases involving caustic or alkaline substances due to the risk of further harm.

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15
Q

What is the common adult dose of Activated Charcoal?

A

50 gm

This is the typical dosage for adults when treating toxic ingestion.

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16
Q

What is the common pediatric dose of Activated Charcoal?

A

1 gm/kg (up to 25 gm)

The pediatric dose is based on the child’s weight, with a maximum limit.

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17
Q

What is the route of administration for Activated Charcoal?

A

PO (by mouth)

Activated Charcoal is administered orally.

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18
Q

What are common side effects of Activated Charcoal?

A

Black discoloration of stools, nausea, vomiting, constipation

These side effects are generally mild.

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19
Q

What serious risk is associated with Activated Charcoal in patients with impaired airway protective reflex?

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A

Aspiration pneumonitis

This risk arises due to the potential for inhalation of the charcoal.

20
Q

What complications can arise from prolonged use of Activated Charcoal?

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A

Intestinal obstruction, electrolyte imbalances

These complications can occur with long-term use.

22
Q

What is the class of Aspirin?

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A

Antiplatelet/NSAID

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Aspirin?

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A

Irreversible acetylation of the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzyme in platelets

24
Q

What does Aspirin prevent through its action on COX-1?

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A

Formation of thromboxane A2

25
How long does the inhibitory effect of Aspirin last in platelets?
About seven to ten days
26
What are the indications for Aspirin?
* Chest Pain * Pain Control
27
What is a contraindication for Aspirin use in patients under 16 years old?
May cause Reye's Syndrome
28
Name a contraindication related to gastrointestinal conditions for Aspirin.
Active GI ulceration or bleeding
29
What is the common dose of Aspirin?
324 mg
30
Is Aspirin recommended for pediatric patients?
Not recommended
31
What is the route of administration for Aspirin?
PO (Chewed)
32
List common side effects of Aspirin.
* Gastrointestinal irritation * Nausea * Dyspepsia * Peptic ulcer formation * Increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding
33
What may occur at higher doses of Aspirin?
Tinnitus or hearing loss
34
True or False: Aspirin can trigger hypersensitivity reactions.
True
35
What are some rare side effects of Aspirin?
* Worsening kidney function * Skin rashes * Asthma exacerbations
36
What class of drug is Ketorolac?
NSAID ## Footnote Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
37
What is the mechanism of action of Ketorolac?
Nonselective, reversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes, blocking prostaglandin synthesis ## Footnote This leads to reduced pain and inflammation.
38
What are the indications for using Ketorolac?
* Pain Control * Fever ## Footnote Ketorolac is commonly used for managing moderate to severe pain.
39
List three contraindications for Ketorolac.
* Pregnancy * Hypersensitivity * GI bleeding ## Footnote Other contraindications include renal disease and current anticoagulant use.
40
What is the common adult dose of Ketorolac for IV administration?
15 mg ## Footnote The IM dose is typically 30 mg.
41
What is the common pediatric dose of Ketorolac?
0.5 mg/kg (Max 30 mg) ## Footnote This dose is used for children requiring pain management.
42
What routes can Ketorolac be administered?
* IV * IO * IM ## Footnote These routes provide various options for administration based on clinical needs.
43
What are common side effects of Ketorolac?
* Gastrointestinal irritation * Ulceration * Bleeding * Impaired renal function * Headache * Dizziness * Edema ## Footnote Risks include strong COX-1 inhibition effects.
44
True or False: Ketorolac can be used for more than five days.
False ## Footnote Due to associated risks, Ketorolac is generally limited to a maximum of five days of use.
45
What potential adverse reactions are associated with Ketorolac?
* Bronchospasm * Anaphylaxis ## Footnote These are rare hypersensitivity reactions that may occur.

Medic (2 decks)

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