PARAORAL

Question 1

The ______ provides a critical protective function by forming a tough, resilient barrier against mechanical forces, microbial invasion, and dehydration.

Answer 1

Keratin Layer

Question 2

In highly keratinized regions, such as the ______ and ______, the cells lack ______ and are densely packed with ______, enhancing resistance to friction and trauma.

Answer 2

gingiva, hard palate, nuclei, keratin

Question 3

The ______ helps in maintaining tissue hydration by preventing excessive water loss.

Answer 3

Keratin Layer

Question 4

The cells in the ______ are rich in keratohyalin granules, which play a vital role in the process of keratinization.

Answer 4

Granular Layer

Question 5

Granular Layer

The ______ contain proteins that facilitate the aggregation of keratin filaments, strengthening the epithelial barrier.

Answer 5

keratohyalin granules

Question 6

Granular Layer

The ______ in this layer release lipid substances that contribute to waterproofing, reducing permeability, and enhancing the skin’s defense against harmful environmental factors.

Answer 6

lamellar bodies

Question 7

The ______ consists of keratinocytes connected by numerous desmosomal junctions, which give the characteristic “prickle” appearance under a microscope. These strong intercellular connections provide mechanical stability, allowing the epithelium to withstand ______ and ______ forces.

Answer 7

Prickle Layer, stretching, shearing

Question 8

Prickle Layer

______, a type of antigen-presenting immune cell, are also present in this layer, playing an essential role in detecting and responding to pathogens, thereby contributing to immune surveillance.

Answer 8

Langerhans cells

Question 9

The ______ is primarily responsible for epithelial regeneration, as it contains proliferative keratinocytes that continuously divide and differentiate to replenish the overlying layers.

Answer 9

Basal Layer

Question 10

The ______ also houses melanocytes, which produce melanin pigment to protect us against UV radiation.

Answer 10

Basal Layer

Question 12

The ______ provides structural and nutritional support to the overlying epithelium. It consists of ______ that produce collagen and ______ components, maintaining tissue integrity and resilience.

Answer 12

Lamina Propria, fibroblasts, ECM

Question 13

Basal Layer

The ______ function as mechanoreceptors that contribute to tactile sensation, allowing for the detection of pressure and texture in the oral environment.

Answer 13

Merkel cells

Question 14

Lamina Propria

The presence of ______ ensures an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients while also facilitating immune responses.

Answer 14

blood vessels

Question 15

Lamina Propria

______ contribute to defense mechanisms, protecting the oral tissues from infections and inflammatory conditions.

Answer 15

Immune cells

Question 16

Lamina Propria

______ in the lamina propria contribute to sensory perception, including pain and temperature.

Answer 16

Nerve endings

Question 17

The ______ serves as the primary support structure for the teeth, anchoring them securely within the jaw.

Answer 17

Bone

Question 18

Bone

______ contribute to the formation and mineralization of new bone tissue, while ______ regulate bone resorption, allowing for continuous remodeling. This ensures that the bone can adapt to mechanical stresses.

Answer 18

Osteoblasts, osteoclasts

Question 19

Bone

The integrity of the ______ is essential for maintaining tooth stability and preventing conditions such as bone resorption in periodontal disease.

Answer 19

alveolar bone

Question 21

The ______ provides moderate protection while maintaining some cellular function and is common in areas like the gingiva and dorsal tongue, where mechanical stress occurs.

Answer 21

squames with keratin and nuclei