Parasite/Protozoan Inf of GI Flashcards by Art F

four classes of protozoa and what these classes are based on:

based on motility
Ameba-pseudopodia (big bags of jelly that lul them selves around
Flagellates-flagella (whips it around)
Sporozoans-gliding (like a tank)
Ciliates-cilia (all the cilia surround organism and work together to move)

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most protozoa reproduce via:

asexual - binary fission

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Some sporozoans can reproduce via:

asexually via SCHIZOGONY, and / or sexually via SPOROGOY.

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what do protozoans do protect them from the environment and aid in transmission:

produce cysts - dormant resting form with carb or protein shell=infectious form

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Entamoeba histolytica causes

Amebiasis - ameba and cyst form

intestinal or brain, liver, w/e
flask shaped lesions

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clinical manifestations of Entamoeba histolytica

asymptomatic colonization
intestinal-dysentary
extraintestinal-abcesses

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Amebiasis-Entamoeba histolytica- trasnmission:

fecal-oral –> ingestion of cysts
Trophozoites will not survive in environment or gastric acidity, so they are not infectious.
Symptomatic (these people mostly pass trophozoites in poop) vs. Asymptomatic (these people tend to pass cysts)

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Amebiasis-Entamoeba histolytica- intestinal disease:

Gastrointestinal distress
95-100 % of symptomatic patients will present visible or microscopic blood in their stool (dysentery). Unlike bacterial dysentery, fever is rare.
-FEVER IS RARE (Bacterial dysentary HAS FEVER.)

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Amebiasis-Entamoeba histolytica - Invasive disease

if it leaks into blood stream after it passes through colon wall = FEVER and inc WBC, etc..
Penetration of intestinal wall by trophozoites.= FLASK SHAPED lesion
Spread via bloodstream=Liver Abscess-abdominal pain, fever, WBC

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Amebiasis-Entamoeba histolytica - liver invasion symptoms:

fever
abd tenderness
hepatomegally
WL
more common in men

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Amebiasis-Entamoeba histolytica - diagnosis and control/prevention

—Diagnosis
Stool Examination (Intestinal)
Biopsy and Serology (Extra-intestinal)
—Control /Prevention
Sanitation / Hygiene

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stool type and Amebiasis-Entamoeba histolytica

formed stool usually has cysts and the more watery it gets has more trophs

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Giardiasis-Giardia lamblia

cyst and flagellated form
stingray shapped appearance
binary fission - lines small intestine
poop out trophs and cysts
has a suction cup thing but it doesnt INVADE

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Giardia lamblia causes and incidence

Giardiasis

in kids less than 20yrs
summer/fall time is more common
contaminated water - pools, lakes, beaches
sometimes drinking water

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Giardia lamblia - symptoms

diarrhea
no blood
no fever
annorexia
smelly and GREASY poop (cant absorb fats bc malabsorption issue with organism lining intestines

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Giardiasis-Giardia lamblia transmission:

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Fecal-oral transmission
Ingestion of cysts (contaminated water) (SWIMMING POOL)
Untreated / improperly treated drinking water
Recreational exposure
Peaks early summer to late fall
Outbreaks in day care centers
Kids and care givers
Symptomatic (shedding trophs) vs. asymptomatic (shedding cysts)
Animal reservoirs probably exist

Giardiasis-Giardia lamblia intestinal disease:

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Sudden onset
Diarrhea-foul smelling, greasy, floating
Cramping, bloating, gas
NO BLOOD
No fever
Infected individuals can shed hundreds of millions (100,000,000) of cyst per day ! SHEDS IN CYCLES - DEPENDS ON THE DAY — TAKE MULT SAMPLES MULT DAYS

Giardiasis-Giardia lamblia diagnosis

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observing cysts in formed stools, or trophozoites in diarrheal stools.

Giardiasis-Giardia lamblia result of chronic disease:

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malnutrition

Giardiasis-Giardia lamblia - prevention/ control

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Sanitation / Hygiene

- Water treatment / filtration when hiking etc.

5 other flagelates and which cause disease?

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Dientamoeba fragilis, -- ONLY ONE ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE
Chilomastix mesnii, 
Trichomonas hominis, 
Enteromonas hominis,
Retortamonas intestinalis

Balantidium coli causes & special note

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Balantidiasis - only cillated protozoan that affects humans

Balantidium coli - Balantidiasis details/transmission/chronic disease/acute:

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Only infection of man caused by a ciliate.
Fecal oral transmission, frequently from pigs.
Trophozoites in lumen, or may be invasive.
Generally asymptomatic.
Chronic disease=Diarrhea (BLOOD) & Constipation
Acute disease (invasion)= Diarrhea w/ blood and mucus-(similar to amebic dysentery)

Cryptosporidium parvum causes

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Cryptosporidiosis

Cryptosporidiosis-Cryptosporidium parvum

- sexual reproduction - oocyst = infectious agent - attaches to intestinal epithelium - complicated lifecycle - livestock can spread this too - cattle - more common in other countries - diarrheal disease - issue with immunodef or HIV/AIDS patients

Cryptosporidium parvum identified by

modified acid fast stain

Cryptosporidium parvum - transmission

- Transmission - fecal / oral - Ingestion of infectious oocysts. - Peaks in early summer to early fall - Community swimming pools ?

Cryptosporidium parvum - intestinal disease

- Profuse watery diarrhea accompanied by cramping, fatigue, and weight loss. - No blood. - Generally self-limiting (1-2 weeks) but can be prolonged, severe and fatal in the immuno-compromised.

Cryptosporidium parvum diagnosis and control/prevention

- Diagnosis: Detection of acid-fast oocyst in stool. | - Control / Prevention-Proper sanitation and water treatment.

SLIDE 49

Isospora belli

- elongated oocysts - sporozoan - immunodef problem

Isospora belli symptoms in reg vs immunodef/AIDS patient:

REG: Fever, diarrhea, weight loss. AIDS: Watery diarrhea, Malabsorption, Weight loss, Electrolyte imbalance, DEATH

Cyclospora - details

- oocysts - First recognized as a human pathogen less than 20 years ago. - Disease is similar to cryptosporidiosis - Profuse watery diarrhea - Cramping, fatigue, weight loss - Prolonged (weeks) -Disease in AIDS patients is generally more severe and of a longer duration.

Cyclospora - diagnosis

Oocysts fluorescent under UV light !!!

Microsporidiosis - Microsporidia

- Obligate intracellular parasites - ***Encephalitozoon, Enterocytozoon, Nosema, and Pleistophora*** - Primitive eukaryotes - World wide distribution - Infection is by ingestion of spores - Organisms may cause intestinal disease or disseminate throughout the body. - Most of what we know about disease in man is due to the increased occurrence in AIDS patients. - immunodef people get this commonlly

Microsporidiosis - Microsporidia - intestinal disease

Chronic debilitating diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss. 10-20 stools/ day.

Microsporidiosis - Microsporidia - extraintestinal disease

- most common = spread to eye --> Keratoconjunctivitis is frequently seen as an early indicator of dissemination. - Symptomology is dependent on organ system involved.

Parasite/Protozoan Inf of GI Flashcards

(37 cards)