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Parasites Flashcards

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1
Q

Gasterophilus intestinalis

A

Horse GI

-Bot fly larvae; stomach bot

-Yellowish eggs on medial aspect forelimb cannon b

CS: usually none, +/- gastritis or stomach rupture

Tx: ivermectin in early summer and fall

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2
Q

Oxycuris equi

A

Equine GI pinworm

CS: anal pruritus, tail rubbing, alopecia in perianal region

  • F worms crawl out of anus and cement eggs to perineal region, larvae hatch –> discomfort

Dx: scotch tape prep

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3
Q

Parascaris equorum

A

Eq roundworm (ascarid) (GI)

CS: respiratory signs (bc migrate thru lungs, predisposes to infection), weight loss, D, colic (intestinal impaction) in foals, immune mediated HS in adults

tx - anthelmintic - kill off slow - will cause massive die off and impaction

  • likely cause if horse has colic and recently dewormed
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4
Q

strongylus vulgaris

A

Equine GI parasite

Thrombosis or arteritis of cranial mesenteric artery

-Migration to cranial mesenteric aa and corresponding immune response can result in thrombosis of cranial mesenteric a and leads to colic (cut off blood supply) and bowel infarct

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5
Q

Strongylus edentatus and Strongylus equinus

A

Eq GI parasites

Migrate thru portal vein and into liver, through peritoneum and retroperitoneal space, then after a few mo return to gut - could be found in liver, pancreas, perirenal

tx - ivermectin, fenbendazole, oxibendazole

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6
Q

strongyloides westerni

A

Eq GI parasite

CS - D in foals - transmit parasite in milk, env contamination

tx - ivermectin or oxibendazole - give ivermectin to preggo mare to prevent dz in foal

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7
Q

anoplocephala magna, A. perfliata, paranoplocephala mamillana

A

Eq GI tapeworm

CS - GI disturbances and ulceration, unthriftiness, anemia, colic - esp young

  • Hits ileocecal junction

Tx - praziquantel, pyrantel effective against anoplocephala

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8
Q

Trichostrongylus axei

A

Equine small stomach worm (hairworm)

CS: chronic gastritis, weight loss - penetrate mucosa causing ulceration and thickening. can also affect ruminants, see in horses housed near cattle

Tx - benzimidazole, ivermectin

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9
Q

Ascaris suum

A

Porcine roundworm

Migrates through liver – causing milk spots, migrates through lungs – causing thumps (cough) Animal may sporadically die d/t intestinal impaction, but usually not very many clinical signs

Necropsy = “milk spots” in liver (condemnation of meat), 20-40cm worms in intestines

tx - fenbendazole

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10
Q

Haematopinus suis

A

swine lice

indicates poor management

  • can transmit swine pox

CS: pruritus, anemia, poor growing

Dx - visible

Tx - avermectin, same as mange

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11
Q

isospora suis

A

swine coccidiosis

D+ in nursing & weaning pigs – HIGH morbidity – usually affects confined 1-3 week old pigs o Watery D+, ill thrift, failure to gain weight, dehydration – other DDx for this age & signs = E. coli o To differentiate – coccidia will not respond to antibiotics!

tx - amprolium, IMPROVE sanitation

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12
Q

metastrongylus

A

swine lungworm

Transmission: earthworms are intermediate host = prevent access to soil that contains earthworms.

CS - coughing, unthriftiness, may acquire secondary pneumonia

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13
Q

Sarcoptes scabei var suis

A

ZOONOTIC
- young nursery or growers
-CS: intense pruritus, thickened skin, poorp production, susceptible to other dz. Adults burrow top layers of skin - ears, face, neck, shoulders

Dx: CS + skin scape behind ears/ear canal

Tx - avermectin

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14
Q

Stephanarus dentatus

A

Swine Kidney worm
Transmission: earthworm intermediate host, prevent access to soil w/ worms
CS: unthriftiness, slow growth, death - posterior ataxia/paralysis dt migrating larvae at SC
Dx - UA, on nx find worms in kidneys, ureters, perirenal fat

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15
Q

Strongyloides randomi

A

Swine threadworm
Transmission: transcolostrally - worms reside in SI of suckling piglets
CS - heavy infestations see D, anemia, emaciation, death
Tx - ivermectin, benzimidazole

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16
Q

Trichinella spiralis

A

Swine
Can affect most mammals
Transmission: ingest encysted larvae in muscle, inf in pigs d/t eating garbage
Prevent pigs from getting it by cooking their food, prevent cannibalism
ZOONOTIC - eating undercooked pork

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17
Q

Taenia solium

A

Swine tapeworm
ZOONOTIC - cysticercosis when eating undercooked pork
Pigs act as intermediate host by eating infected human feces - cysticerci then form in pigs cardiac/skeletal mm - humans eat meat that contain cysts and adult tapeworms

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18
Q

trichuris suis

A

Swine whipworm
Mucohemorrhagic D (large bowel) - affects all ages, usually weaned pigs
Dx - double operculated egg on fecal float, nx find eggs in cecum and colon
Px - give anthelmintic a week before farrowing, move to clean pasture

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19
Q

Eimeria

A

Coccidiosis in ruminants (isospora in carnivores)
Calf dz - nervous coccidiosis in cattle <1y (>21d), see D (bloody, tenesmus) followed by neuro signs
tx w/amprolium (monensin, sulfa-drugs)

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20
Q

Haemonchus contortus

A

Anemia and hypoproteinemia (NOT D) in sheep/goats, blood sucker of abomasum
CS: chronic weight loss, doing poorly, no D, pale mm
tx w fenbendazole

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21
Q

Monezia

Study These Flashcards
A

Ruminant tapeworm
Rectangular (or triangular), usually non-pathogenic, can cause intestinal stasis
Intermed host - masture mite

22
Q

Nematodirus

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A

Ruminants
CS: young animals w/profuse watery D, anorexia, weight loss, dehydration
Coincides with coccidiosis season in spring
Elliptical appearance w/sharply curved poles & 2-8 blastomeres surrounded by fluid filled cavity

23
Q

Ostertagia ostertagii

Study These Flashcards
A

Ruminant roundworm
Type 1:
-Acute weight loss (anorexia/poor growth) and D (naive cows)
-D in <2y on pasture - chronic dz
-occurs summer/fall - infection w/L3, egg counts high, not associated with large numbers of larvae with few adults in abomasum

type 2:
- chronic weight loss, D - older cows
- occurs in spring - low egg counts
-Lots of inhibited L4 that rapidly emerge and see thousands of larvae in abomasum (Moroccan leather)

tx - ivermectin (all life stages) or fenbendazole

24
Q

strongyloides spp

Study These Flashcards
A

Intestinal threadworm (ruminant)
Migrate through oral mucosa or skin, enter bloodstream, head for heart, travel thru lungs/trachea where coughed/swallowed and enter GI

25
Trichuris ovis, T. discolor
sheep and cattle whipworm, same as other whipworm spp
26
Chorioptes equi
Equine mange mite Lesions near foot and fetlock (esp drafts) - pruritic dermatitis Ivermectin
27
Culicoides hypersensitivity (Sweet itch)
Saliva of gnat causes type I HS - very pruritic diffuse lesions Vector for bluetongue and Onchocerca Common in warm months - seasonal Worsens with age tx - dec exposure, steroids
28
demodectic mange
Rare in horses - not pruritic, see on head, neck, withers - only form of mange
29
Habronema muscae
Equine stomach worm aka summer sores -Larvae of worm migrate and emerge, creating granulomatous lesions (eyes, genitalia, lower extremities) - inside lesions will find calcified larvae - Gastritis, eosinophilic granuloma (summer sore) Vector: Stomoxys calcitrans (houseflyy)
30
Haematobia irritans
Horn/face fly of cattle Bigger problem in cattle (repro in cattle feces), but affects horses (when housed near cattle) CS: Ventral midline dermatitis, focal lesions w/wheals and crusts on ventral midline that is NON-pruritic
31
Hypoderma lineatum, H bovis
Cattle grub, heel fly, warble fly F attaches eggs to hairs on feet, L1 hatch and burrow into skin - H. bovis migrates to epidural fat in SC - H lineatum migrates to esophagus They become L2 --> migrate to SQ tissue in back --> become L3 --> nodules on dorsum w/pore on top (breathing hole) tx - ivermectin early fall, emerge from back in spring but crucial to tx in fall Huge economic loss dt hide damage
32
melophagus ovinus
Sheep ked Have 6 legs - wingless flies and adults feed on blood CS: pruritus, stained wool, potentially anemia
33
Onchocerca cercivalis
Vector - culicoides CS: dermatitis dt HSE of dying microfilariaa, rare in horses <2y Diamond shaped lesions (Bulls eye lesion) on head, ocular lesions (uveitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis) dt aberrant migration of MF, ventral midline dermatitis Non-seasonal and non-pruritic tx - ivermectin for microfilaria, none for adults
34
sarcoptes scabei
sarcoptic mange Most economically important in swine - severely pruritic, hyperkeratotic ear lesions -head/neck/ears in horses CS: Dec growth, dec milk production, hide damage ZOONOTIC and REPORTABLE - skin lesions in humans Ivermectin
35
Thazia lacrymalis
Eye worm Vector: Musca autumnalis (face fly of horse) tx - remove manually and add 10% levamisole drops
36
fasciola hepatica & F magna
aquatic snails + vegetation = IH young - liver parenchyma, adults - bile duct CS: acute hepatitis/death (weakness, anemia, bottle jaw); chronic bile duct stenosis Dx - nx, sediment, CS tx w cloruson (seasonality - spring and fall)
37
Hematopinus
Blood sucking lice on cows CS - severe anemia in calves 2-7m - become susceptible to pneumonia dx skin scrape - lice have 6 legs
37
Dictyocaulus arnfeldi
Horse lungworm Definitive host: donkey - see in horses near donkeys dx - Baermann (detect L1 that hatch in feces), transtracheal wash
37
Dictyocaulus filarial
goat lungworm Bronchitis in goats
37
Dictyocaulus viviparous
Horse lungworm Ingest L3 - hatch in SI, migrate via lymphatics to lungs, molt to L4, grow to adults, cough and swallow eggs, molt in intestine, molt on ground after being defecated dx - tracheal wash, Baermann Fenbendazole, ivermectin, levamisole, albendazole
38
Neospora caninum
ABORTION (4-6m) in cattle - may see dog on farm that is suffering from diffuse mm atrophy, trouble ambulating in hind limb (dogs have neuro/mm abn) -Dog is definitive host -Most other abortions occur later in gestation (Brucella, listeria, lepto) -Usually see autolysis of fetus w/granulomas in brain
39
oestrus ovis
Sheep Fly deposits larvae at nostrils and they migrate into nose where they develop CS - sneeze, head shaking, nose rubbing, nasal DC, stridor (heavy inf - HSE Response) dx - cytology of nasal DC - eos and mast cells tx w/ivermectin
40
sarcocystis
S. hirsuta (cat), S hominis (human), s cruzi (dog) - all affect cattle as intermediate host carnivore eats cow w/cyst in mm --> cyst forms sporocysts, shed in feces, eaten by cow, sporocysts hatch and eventually invade mm (10w) cows CS: fever, anorexia, salivation, weakness, mm fasciculations, weight loss, sporadic abortions px - prevent carnivore feces
41
cochliomyia homonivorax
Screwworm eradicated from US (reportable) Released from sterile males, may see metallic blue/green fly leaving wound CS: myiasis, eggs on wounds, maggots feed on flesh that create large wound
42
Trypanosoma cruzi
Reduvid beetle, vector for Chagas dz (zoonotic) CS - general febrile dz. chronic - cardiac dz, NS, GI Present in South America and some parts Africa
43
SA coccidia
Eimeria: 4 sporocysts, from eating rabbit feces - parasite in birds/reptiles/herbivores - no tx Isospora tx/sulfadimethoxine (Albon) Cryptosporidium - round and slightly smaller than RBC, acid-fast or IFA stain, resistant to disinfections. Tx - clindamycin, azithromycin, tylosin
44
Ancylostoma
Dog hookworm dx - fecal float Puppies/kittens most affected ZOONOTIC - cutaneous larval migrans A. caninum (dogs): GI signs, anemia, lethargy, melena, weight loss, chill in SI. Transmammary and transplacental transmission, eating poo, L3 penetrates skin A. tubaeforme (cats): Same CS - no transmammary/transplacental, only eating poo/L3 penetration A braziliense in dogs/cats tx - not praziquantel (pretty much everything else)
45
Toxocara
Dog roundworm dx - fecal float, larvae: liver --> lungs --> up MCE, cough --> swallow --> develop in SI ZOONOTIC: visceral and ocular larval migrans T. canis (dogs): can be asymptomatic, GI signs, more severe in puppies/kittens - no weight gain, unthrifty, pot bellied, coughing (transplacental/transuterine transmission most common, eating poo, transmammary) T. cati - cats, same CS (transmammary, eating poo) T leonina - dogs and cats, no migration out of GIT; transmission only eating poo Tx with fenbendazole, milbemycin, pyrantel
46
Anticestodal (tapeworms)
Praziquantel - Droncit (Praziquantel) - dogs/cats - Drontal (Praziquantel + Pyrantel) - dogs/cats, tapes/hooks/rounds - Drontal + (Praziquantel + pyrantel + febantel) = dogs, tapes/hooks/rounds/whips/giardia - intercepter plus (Praziquantel + milbemycin oxime) - dogs, tapes/hooks/rounds/whips/demodex/HWP -Profender (Praziquantel + emoodepside) - cats, tapes/hooks/rounds
47

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