parasites

Question 1

An enteric infection with amoeba’s- entamoeba histolytica- results in?

Answer 1

Dysentery- bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramps, colitits. Via forming flask-shaped ulcers in gut

Question 2

How does spread occur with entamoeba hisolytica?

Answer 2

fecal oral ingestion of cysts, spreading frequently to liver

Question 3

How do we diagnose and treat amoeba dysentery?

Answer 3

microscopy analysis of stool; metronidazole

Question 4

What illness does Giardia Lambli cause?

Answer 4

mild diarrhea to severe (cramps, gas and steatorrhea for long period of time)

Question 5

How is Giardia Lambli encountered?

Answer 5

spread via human fecal oral/sexual/sanitation/water route, or sylvan cycle from animals

stomach acid converts it to trophozite from a cyst, then it Attaches to small intestine.

Question 6

How do we diagnose and treat giardi lamblia?

Answer 6

stool cysts, sting test

metronidazole

Question 7

Plasmodia- malaria- encountered via what route? how does it multiply?

Answer 7

mosquito- sporozoite

Enters circulation then multiplies in liver where then renter circulation infecting RBC-merozoites.

Question 8

what kind of damage does plasmodium species cause?

Answer 8

lyses hepatocytes and RBCs

plugs up capillaries via higher adherance (falci)

Question 9

Diagnosing malaria via? Treatment?

Answer 9

microscopic blood smear analysis: ringed RBCs and high number of infected RBC.

tx: chloroquine and primaquine

Question 10

What organism causes Chaga’s disease? What are the symptoms?

Answer 10

trypanosoma cruzi- encountered in S/C/N america

acute: rash, facial edema, flu-like symptoms, chronic: GI tract nerve damage, and heart conductive problems

Question 11

How does trypanosoma cruzi enter a host and multiply? How does it cause damage?

Answer 11

defecates on a wound release trpomastigotes, invades cells and replicate within after becoming amastigotes.

causes fibrosis and nerve damage

Question 12

How is chagas disease diagnosed? Treatment?

Answer 12

need serology and blood smear microscopy

none?

Question 13

What kind of infection does a roundworm cause? How is it contracted?

Answer 13

enterobius vermicularis- perianal itching

ingestion of egg, then the larvae move some small to large intestine and doesnt spread from there, except to lay eggs at anus at night.

Question 14

Does roundworm move to new hosts? How? Treatment?

Answer 14

Yes, via scratching and autoinfection from unhygiene methods

Tx: mebendazole

Question 15

What does hookworm do? Anything commonly occuring post/during hookwarm infection?

Answer 15

allergic reaction after skin infection, migrates to lung causing pneumonitis, or Gi causing nausea and vomiting and diarrhea. Anemia.

hyperinfection- bacterial- GI bc of invasion

Question 16

How is hookworm encountered?

Answer 16

human feces in warm soil/animals, penetrating intact skin and spreads throughout body

Question 17

diagnosis and treatment for hookworm?

Answer 17

stool microscopic evaluation,

thiabenzadole

Question 18

What bug causes dog/cat hookworm?

Answer 18

ancylostoma braziliense penetrates skin

Question 19

What causes dog/cat ascarid worms?

Answer 19

toxocara canis, T.cati

oral entry and spread through tissues as larva

Question 20

Tapeworms

Answer 20

ingested in meat as larvae/egg and spreads to intestines

Question 21

What insect transmits leishmaniasis?

Answer 21

poop

Question 22

what are the symptoms of malaria/plasmodium infection?

Answer 22

fever, chills, rigor every 38-46 hours

Question 23

Difference between P. vivax and P. falciparum?

Answer 23

falciparum- more dangerous, sticks to capillaries, no schnuffner spots

vivix- infects younger RBCs and lower # of infected RBC

Question 24

Difference between T. cruzi and T.brucei?

Answer 24

cruzi is intracellular during human infection, brucei is extracellular during human infection

Question 25

Pinworms are diagnosed how?

Answer 25

scotch tape test

no eosinophilia

perianal itching, irritability

Question 26

Giardia symptoms and truths?

Answer 26

watery, foul-smelling, and gaseous diarrhea that lasts for three weeks

organism secretes a cytotoxin,
organism can invade to the liver,
disease is treated with metronidazole, Histological analysis of intestinal epithelium would reveal flask-shaped ulcers

Question 27

Giardia and enamoeba histolytica share what in common?

Answer 27

trophs within body but cysts in environment/stool

Question 28

superficial fungal infections are treated with what?

Answer 28

griseofulvin; eg ring worm

inhibits tubulin of worms like mebandazole

Question 29

migrating worms:

Answer 29

strongyloides, schistosoma, ascaris, toxocara