Parasites Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
What are the 3 types of protozoa
A
Sporozoa, Rhizopods, and Flagellates
2
Q
_______ replicate through spore forming phase
A
Sporozoa replicate through spore forming phase
3
Q
Sporozoa replicate through __________
A
Sporozoa replicate through spore forming phase
4
Q
________ broadly cast as amoebas or amoebic-like
A
Rhizopods broadly cast as amoebas or amoebic-like
5
Q
Rhizopods broadly cast as ____________
A
Rhizopods broadly cast as amoebas or amoebic-like
6
Q
_______ have whip like tails
A
Flagellates have whip like tails
7
Q
Flagellates have ___________
A
Flagellates have whip like tails
8
Q
What are the Sporozoa?
A
Cryptosporidium hominis Cyclospora cayetansnsis Toxoplasma gondii Babesia microti Plasmodium
9
Q
What are the rhizopods?
A
Naegleria fowleri Acanthamoeba castellanii Entamoeba histolytica
10
Q
What are the flagellates?
A
Trichomonas vaginalis Giardia lamblia Leishmania Trypanosoma cruzi
11
Q
What is the treatment for Cryptosporidium hominis?
A
Self limiting disease, can give Nitrazoxanide
12
Q
What is the treatment for Cyclospora cayetanensis?
A
Self limiting, can give TMP-SMX
13
Q
What is the treatment for toxoplasma gondii?
A
Pyrimethamine, sulfonamides
14
Q
How does Babesia microti work?
A
It infects and reproduces in the RBCs
15
Q
What the species of Plasmodium? Which is the most dangerous.
A
Malariae, Ovale, Vivox, Falciparum. Falciparum
16
Q
What is the treatment for plasmodium?
A
Chloroquine, Mefloquine, Primaquine
17
Q
How is Cryptosporidium hominis transmitted?
A
oocyst in fecal contaminated food/water
18
Q
How is Cyclospora cayetanensis transmitted?
A
oocyst in fecal contaminated food/water
19
Q
How is toxoplasma gondii transmitted?
A
Bradyzoites (cysts) in fecal/raw contaminated food/water
20
Q
How is babesia microti transmitted?
A
Sporozoites from tick bites
21
Q
How is plasmodium transmitted?
A
sporozoites from mosquito bites
22
Q
How is Naegleria fowleri transmitted?
A
trophozoites (not cysts) in contaminated fresh water
23
Q
How is Naegleria fowleri treated?
A
Amphotericin B
24
Q
How is entamoeba histolytica transmitted?
A
Cysts from fecal contaminated food/water
25
How is entamoeba histolytica treated?
Metronidazole, Iodoquinol
26
How is Acanthamoeba castellani transmitted?
cysts/trophozoites in contaminated soil/water
27
How does Acanthamoeba castellani entry the body?
Inhalation Broken skin Contact lens
28
How is Acanthamoeba castellani treated?
Amphotericin B
29
What is unique about Acanthamoeba castellani?
It can cause serious symptoms in the EYE.
30
How is trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?
Trophozoites from sexual intercourse
31
How is trichomonas vaginalis treated?
Metronidazole
32
How is Giardia lamblia transmitted?
Cysts from fecal contaminated food/water
33
How is Giardia lamblia treated?
Metronidazole
34
How is Leishmania transmitted?
Sandfly bite
35
How is Leismania treated?
Amphotericin B
36
How is Trypanosoma cruzi transmitted?
Trypomastigote from Triatomine bug bite
37
What does Trypanosoma cruzi cause?
Chagas disease
38
How is Trypanosoma cruzi treated?
Nifurtimox
39
What is this organism?
Giardia
40
What is this organism?
Leishmania - Amastigote form (in host cell)
41
What is this organism?
Leishmania
42
What is this organism?
Naegleria fowleri
43
What is this organism?
Plasmodium
44
What is this organism?
Trypanosoma cruzi
45
What is this organism?
Trypanosoma cruzi - amastigote form (in host cells)
46
What is this organism?
Toxoplasma gondii
47
What is this organism?
Trichomonas vaginalis
48
What is this organism?
Babesia microti
49
What is this organism?
Cryptosporidium hominis
50
What is this organism?
Cyclospora cayetanensis
51
What is this organism?
Entamoeba histolytica
52
What is this organism?
Acanthamoeba castellanii
53
What is this organism?
Acanthamoeba castellanii
54
How is enterobius vermicularis transmitted?
Eggs through fecal/oral transmission
55
How is enterobius vermiculari treated?
Mebendazole and Albendazole
56
What is the most common worm infection in the US?
enterobius vermiculari
57
What is another name for enterobius vermiculari?
pinworm
58
What is another name for trichuris trichiura?
whipworm
59
How is trichuris trichiura transmitted?
Eggs through fecal/oral transmission
60
How is trichuris trichiura treated?
Mebendazole and Albendazole
61
How is Ascaris lumbricoides transmitted?
Eggs through fecal/oral transmission
62
How is ascaris lumbricoides treated?
Mebenadazole, Albendazole, Ivermectin, and Pyrantel Pamoate (in pregnant women)
63
What are the 2 types of hookworm?
Necator americanus and Ancyclostoma duodenale
64
How is necator americanus transmitted?
direct contact with larvae on soil/plants.
Egg through fecal/oral transmission
65
How is necator americanus treated?
Mebendazole, Albendazole, and Pyrantel Pamoate
66
How is ancyclostoma duodenale transmitted?
Direct skin contact with larvar on soil/plants
67
How is ancyclostoma duodenale treated
Mebendazole, Albendazole, Pyrantel Pamoate
68
How is strongyloides stercoralis transmitted?
Larvae in fecal contaminated soil
69
How is Strongyloides stercoralis treated?
Ivermectin and Thiabendazole
70
How is ancyclostoma braziliense transmitted?
Larvae contact with skin
Oral/fecal transmission
71
What is unique about Ancyclostoma braziliense?
It does not migrate any furthur than the skin
72
How is ancyclostoma braziliense treated?
albendazole, ivermectin, and thiabendazole
73
How is toxocara canis transmitted?
embryonated eggs through fecal/oral transmissio
74
How is toxocara canis treated?
Mebendazole and Albendazole
75
What is another name for Baylisascaris procyonis?
Raccoon roundworm
76
How is baylisascaris procyonis transmitted?
Embryonated eggs and larvae through raccoon feces
77
What is a possible treatment for Baylisascaris procyonis?
Albendazole
78
How does Baylisascaris procyonis larvae prefer to enter the body?
via eye/neural tissue
79
What is Loffler' Syndrome
Eosinophilia in the lungs
80
Out of toxocara canis and Baylisascaris procyonis, which is more aggressive
B. procyonis.
81
How is taenia solium transmitted?
Embryonated eggs via fecal/oral transmssion
Raw pork
82
How is taenia solium treated?
Albendazole, Praziquantel
No treatment may be needed
83
What is trichinella spiralis associated with?
eating wild game
84
What is unique about trichinella spiralis?
larvae can only survive in muscle
85
How is trichinella spiralis transmitted?
Encysted larvae in insufficiently cooked contaminated meat
86
How is trichinella spiralis treated?
Mebendazole and Albendazole
87
What are the species of Schistosoma?
Mansoni, Japonicum, and Hematobium
88
How is schistosoma transmitted?
Cercariae through skin contact with contaminated fresh water
89
How is shistosoma treated?
Antihistamines, corticosteroids, and Praziquantel
90
In which schistosoma species are eggs found in feces?
S. **mansoni**
S. **japonicum**
91
In which schistosoma species are eggs found in the urine?
S. **hematobium**
92
What is unique about patients suffering from Schistosoma?
they have elevated IgM, IgG, and IgE.
93
What is unique about schistosoma?
it can migrate throguth tissue/vasculature causing progressive damage to essential organs
94
Which of the intestinal helminths can migrate into the lungs, be coughed up and swallowed?
Hookworms and Ascaris lumbricoides
95
How is paragonimus westermani transmitted?
metacercariae in contaminated/undercooked crab or crayfish
96
What is the treatment for paragonimus westermani?
Praziquantel
97
What is unique about Chlonorchis sinesis?
It can cause choliangiocarcinoma
98
How is chlonorchis sinensis transmitted?
metacercariae in contaminated raw/undercooked fish
99
How is chlonorchis sinensis treated?
Praziquantel and Albendazole
100
What is unique about the disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus?
It is a cystic disease
101
How is echinococcus granulosus transmitted?
Embryonated eggs in fecal contaminated food/water/soil
102
What individuals are suspectble to infectionby Echinococcus granulosus?
People working with sheep and sheep dogs
103
How is echinococcus granulosus treated?
Surgery to remove cysts
Albendazole
104
What organisms can cause lymphatic filariasis?
Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti
105
How are Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti transmitted?
Larvae by mosquitos
106
What is the treatment for brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti
Diethylcarbamazine (unless co-infected with loa loa or onchocera)
Ivermectin
107
What disease does Onchocera volvulus cause?
River blindness
108
How is Onchocera volvulus transmitted?
larvae via blackfly bite
109
How is onchocera volvulus treated?
Ivermectin (kills larvae) and Doxycycline (kills adults)
110
What is unique about loa loa?
It is an eye worm.
111
How is loa loa transmitted?
larvae via deer fly/mango fly bite
112
How is loa loa treated?
surgical removal of worms
Diethylcarbamazine
Albendazole
113
What is calaber swelling?
Swelling on limbs and near joints
114
What organism causes calaber swelling?
loa loa
115
What is this organism?
loa loa
116
What is this organism?
loa loa
117
What is this organism?
Schistosoma hematobium
118
What is this organism?
Schistosoma japonicum
119
What is this organism?
Schistosoma mansoni
120
What is this organism?
taenia solium
121
What is this organism?
taenia solium
122
What is this organism?
enterobius vermicularis
123
What is this organism?
enterobius vermicularis
124
What is this organism?
ascaris lumbricoides
125
What is this organism?
ascaris lumbricoides
126
What is this organism?
ancyclostoma braziliense
127
What is this organism?
ancyclostoma braziliense
128
What is this organism?
baylisascaris procyonis
129
What is this organism?
baylisascaris procyonis
130
What is this organism?
chlonorchis sinensis
131
What is this organism?
chlonorchis sinensis
132
What is this organism?
echinococcus granulosus
133
What is this organism?
echinococcus granulosus
134
What does this organism cause?
lymphatic filariasis
135
What does this organism cause?
lymphatic filariasis
136
What is this organism?
hookworm
137
What is this organism?
hookworm
138
What is this organism?
onchocerca volvulus
139
What is this organism?
onchocerca volvulus
140
What is this organism?
paragonimus westermani
141
What is this organism?
paragonimus westermani
142
What is this organism?
strongyloides stercoralis
143
What is this organism?
strongyloides stercoralis
144
What is this organism?
toxocara canis
145
What is this organism?
toxocara canis
146
What is this organism?
trichinella spiralis
147
What is this organism?
trichinella spiralis
148
What is this organism?
trichuris trichiura
149
What is this organism?
trichuris trichiura
150
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