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Microbiology > Parasites Intro > Flashcards

Parasites Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Symbiosis

A

member of different species of organisms living in close association

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2
Q

Commensalism

A

beneficial to one partner and not problematic to the other (causes no harm)

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3
Q

Mutualism

A

beneficial relationship to both parasite and host organism

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4
Q

Obligate parasite

A

parasite that must always live in contact with a host

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5
Q

Facultative parasite

A

A parasite that can complete its life cycle in a free living environment or alternatively, that lives during part or all of its cycle within a host

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6
Q

Endoparasite

A

living within a host (tapeworm, malaria)

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7
Q

Ectoparasite

A

living outside the host (body surface - lice, fleas, mites)

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8
Q

Protozoa

A

single celled eukaryote that are primarily unicellular nonphotosynthetic and are further classified on their ability for movement (motility) — pseudopods, flagella, cililia

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9
Q

Sporozoa

A

non motile protozoa

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10
Q

Trophozoites

A

feeding, motile stage of protozoa

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11
Q

Cysts

A

Infectious stage of protozoa, highly condensed cytoplasm and thick cell wall

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12
Q

Karyosome

A

Concentrated clumps of chromatin material within the nucleus

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13
Q

Peripheral chromatin

A

Non active chromatin, providing the nucleus halo like appearance

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14
Q

Sporogony (microsporidia)

A

Productions of spores, asexual stage

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15
Q

Oocyst

A

A thick or thin walled stage in the life cycle of coccidia, shed in feces of human infections

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16
Q

Proglottid

A

Tapeworm segments containing male and female reproductive systems — may be immature, mature, or gravid

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17
Q

Scolex

A

The head or attachment portion of a tapeworm — suckers or hooklets

18
Q

Tachyzoite

A

Rapidly multiplying stage in development of tissue phase of Toxoplasma

19
Q

Bradyzoite

A

Slowly multiplying trophozoite contained in the tissue cyst, chronic infection of Toxoplasma

20
Q

Kinetoplast

A

Intensely staining rod or disk shaped or spherical extranuclear DNA structure found in parasitic flagella near the base of the flagellum

21
Q

Amastigote

A

Small round intracellular stage of Leishmania and Trypanosoma spp. base of flagella is anterior to the nucleus, no external flagellum

22
Q

Promastigote

A

Development stage of Trypanosomes, the base of the flagellum is anterior to the nucleus, non undulating membrane

23
Q

Trypanosome

A

A slender, flagellate protozoan found in the blood of humans — also called trypomastigote

24
Q

Roundworm/Hookworm

A

Unsegmented, bilateral symmetry, fully functioning digestive tract, long, cylindrical, mm to m length

25
Q

Tapeworm

A

Ribbon like body with a chain of segments/proglottid, contains both male and female reproductive systems, scolex allows for worm attachment to intestinal tissue. Proglottids are immature, mature or gravid (full of eggs)

26
Q

Fluke

A

Flat worm with hook (oral sucker), dorsoventrally flattened, all eggs are operculated (lid structure)

27
Q

Amoebae

A

Naked, loose, pseudopod-forming

Abundant soil dwellers, rich organic debris

28
Q

Ciliates

A

Microscopic appendages extending from the surface of the cell

29
Q

Flagellates

A

Free living, whip like appendages, pathogenic for humans and animals

30
Q

Coccidia

A

Subclass of protozoa, epithelial cells of intestinal tract, liver and other organs

31
Q

Nematodes

A 
Ascaris lumbricoides 
Enterobius vermicularis
Trichuris trichiura 
Trichinella spiralis
Dracunculus medinensis 
Toxocara canis/cati
Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator americanus
Strongyloides stercoralis
Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
Loa loa
Mansonella streptocerca
Onchocerca volvus
32
Q

Cestodes

A 
Diphyllobathrium latum
Taenia saginata
Taenia solium 
— cysticercosis
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis diminuta
Echinococcus granulosus
33
Q

Trematodes

A 
Fasciolopsis buski
Heterophyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokogawai
Clonorchis sienensis
Paragonimus westermani
Fasciola hepatica
Schistosoma 
S. japonicum
S. mansoni
S. haematobium 
S. intercalatum
34
Q

Amoebae - intestinal protozoa

A 
Entamoeba histolytica
E. dispar
E. moshkovskii
E. bangladeshi
E. polecki
E. hartmanni
E. coli
Endolimax nana
Iodamoeba buetschlii
Blastocystis hominis
35
Q

Ciliates - intestinal protozoa

A

Balantidium coli

36
Q

Flagellates

A

Giardia lamblia
Dientamoebae fragilis
Chilomastix mesnili
Pentatrichomonas hominis

37
Q

Coccidia - intestinal protozoa

A

Cryptosporidium sp.
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Cystoisospora (isospora) belli

38
Q

Hemoflagellates

A

Trypanosoma buncrei
Trypanosoma cruzi
Visceral kala azar
Primary cutaneous leishmaniasis

39
Q

Blood protozoa

A 
Plasmodium
P. vivax
P. falciparum
P. ovale
P. malariae
P. knowlesi
Babesia
40
Q

Coccidia - Tissue protozoa

A

Toxoplasma gondii

41
Q

Amoeba - Tissue protozoa

A

Naegleria fowleri

Acantoamoeba sp.

42
Q

Flagellates - Tissue protozoa

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

Microbiology (37 decks)

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