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Parasitic Protozoa Flashcards

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1
Q

4 classifications of parasitic protozoa

A
  1. Apicomplexa (sporozoan)
  2. Ciliophora (ciliate)
  3. Sarcodina (amoebae) + 4. Zoomastigophora (flagellates)
    = Sarcomastigophora
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2
Q

Locomotion of Sarcodina (amoebae)

A

Pseudopodia
- extension of cytoplasm shape changes and remainder flows forward
- soft membrane where cytoplasm is pushed to make out pockets

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3
Q

How do Sarcodina reproduce

A

Asexually through binary fission
- no exchange of chromosomal DNA
- can be easy to control due to absence of evolution
- can be difficult to control because they multiply so quickly that if you leave one, you have to start again

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4
Q

Locomotion of flagellates

A
  1. Flagella - complex structure & whip like extension involved in movement and direction
  2. Undulating membrane - cell membrane- undulating waves forward gliding motion
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5
Q

how do flagellates reproduce

A

Asexually through binary division

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6
Q

Taxonomy of flagellates

A
  1. Diplomonadida
  2. Trichomonadida
  3. Kinetoplastida
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7
Q

Example of diplomonadida flagellate

A

Giardia

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8
Q

example of trichomonadida flagellate

A

Tritichamonas

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9
Q

Examples of kinetoplastida flagellate

A

Trypanosoma
Leishmania

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10
Q

Species of giardia

A

Giardia intestinalis
- G. lamblia
- G. duodenalis

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11
Q

Classification of Giardia

A

Zoomastigophora
- diplomonadida flagellate

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12
Q

Where can giardia be found

A

soil, food and water

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13
Q

Host range of giardia

A

Diverse mammalian including humans
- little spread between host species (main spread is through environment)

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14
Q

Morphology of giardia

A

uniform - lac of variation and diversity

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15
Q

Giardia lifecycle - 6 steps

A
  1. Host picks up giardia cyst from environment (food, water or surface) - infective stage = cyst
  2. pass through GIT into the SI where trophozoites are released through excystation of cyst
  3. Triphozites feed off and absorb nutrients from infected host
  4. Trophozites multiply through binary fisson
  5. trophozoites move toward colon, transform back inti cyst through encystation
  6. cyst passed into environment through faeces- infectious and can survive for several months in cold water or soil
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16
Q

3 Giardia routes of infection and transmission

A
  1. family member- direct person to person contact
  2. contaminated water or food
  3. unprotected anal sex
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17
Q

Giardia clinical signs

A

Diarrhea
Abdominal cramping

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18
Q

Giardia diagnosis

A

Stool antigen test
stool exam

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19
Q

Giardia treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

Mild = no treatment

Severe, persistent or nurses/ childcare workers = medication

20
Q

giardia prevention

Study These Flashcards
A

Boiling, filtration or iodine treatment
handwashing/ hygiene
safe sex
peel or wash fruits and veggies

21
Q

Morphology of Trichomonacidal flagellates

Study These Flashcards
A

Pear shaped
3 anterior flagella
undulating membrane
trailing flagellum
10-15 microns long

22
Q

example of trichomonadida flagellate

Study These Flashcards
A

Tritrichomonus foetus

23
Q

How do trichomonadida flagellates reproduce

Study These Flashcards
A

Binary fission - no cyct stage

24
Q

What TTF known as in humans

25
Where can Tritrichomonas foetus be found
Bulls - penis, sheath Cow - vagina, uterus & oviduct Swine- nasal Cats - Digestive system
26
Tritrichomonas foetus lifecycle
1. Resides in the host species region of interest 2. replicated by longitudinal binary fission 3. no cyst form - doesn't survive well in external environment 4. transmitted via sexual intercourse
27
Diagnostic phase of TTF
Trophozoite in vaginal and prostatic secretions and urine
28
Infective stage of TTF
Trophozoite in body tissue of animals
29
Symptoms of TTF
Bulls: disappear in 1-2 weeks - pain on urination - disclination to serve - mucopurulent discharge Cows: - vaginitis - placentitis - aborption within 1-6 wks - discharge - irregualr cycles - permanent sterility
30
TTF diagnostics in bulls
Definitive = observation in smegma samples 2 weeks sexual rest before testing is required Washings of vaginal mucus or preputial or fetal tissue - culture, microscopic examination, isolation of trophozoites PCR
31
4 forms of kinetoplastids (flagellates)
Same species can look different in different environments because of the "moving plastic" 1. Amastigote 2. Promastigote 3. Epimastigote 4. Typomastigote
32
What is leishmania
kinetoplastid - flagellate
33
Leishmania lifecycle
1. sandfly takes blood meal which injects the infective stage (promastigotes) into the skin 2. promastigotes are phagocytosed by macrophages and mononuclear phagocytic cells 3. promastigotes become amastigotes in cells 4. amastigotes multiply through simple division and proceed to infect more phagocytic cells 5. sandfly takes blood meal and ingests macrophages infected with amastigotes 6. amastigotes transform into promastigote stage in the gut 7. divide in gut 8. migrate to proboscis
34
Cutaneous leishmania spp
1. L. major 2. L. tropica 3. L. aethiopica
35
Mucicutaneous leishmania spp
L. braziliensis
36
Visceral leishmania spp
L. donovani L. infantum
37
leishmania morphological form in insect host
Promastigote
38
leishmania morphological form in vertebrate host
Amastigote
39
Clinical signs of leishmania
Spleen & liver enlargement Ulcers weight loss anemia death
40
diagnosis of leishmania
biopsy blood sample microscopy culture PCR
41
leishmania treatment
Liquid nitrogen on ulcers drugs
42
leishmania prevention
long sleeves insect repellent covering up at night as insect hosts are nocturnal
43
Trypanosoma classification
Kinetoplastid flagellate
44
location of trypanosoma
Extracellular blood of vertebrates
45
morphology of trypanosoma
Constantly change entire body surface of body to remain disguised meaning hosts immune system is aways 1 step behind
46
What causes sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma in humans - kinetoplastid flagellate

Parasitology (6 decks)

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