Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ASC305 > Parasitic protozoa 2 > Flashcards

Parasitic protozoa 2 Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the apicoplexa also known as?

A

sporozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 main divisions of apicomplexa?

A

Eimeriida (Coccidia) & Piroplasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are coccidians/piroplasms usually found?

A

coccidians: tissues - mostly digestive
piroplasms: circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the 3 Coccidian diseases…

A
  • Coccidiosis (Eimera spp)
  • Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp)
  • Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the 3 Piroplasms diseases…

A
  • Babesiosis (Babesia spp)
  • Theileriosis (Theileria spp)
  • Malaria (Plasmodium spp)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T or F - Eimeria is zoonotic

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many species of Eimeria in chickens? What is the most common & most pathogenic?

A

7 - E. tenella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lifecycle of Eimera… (its a big one!)

A

Start: Sporogony (environment): mature oocyst -> sporulated oocyst (infective) -> sporocysts with sporozoites (8 total) -> swallowed by chook -> enters gut (lamina propria) Merogony (inside host): meront -> merozoites -> Gamogony: merozoites -> macrogametes (f) & microgametes (m) -> fertilisation -> developing oocyst -> excreted in faeces -> sporulation occurs outside host (in environment) & requires several days & oxygen -> cycle repeats…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clinical signs of chicken Eimeria…

A 
decreased weight gain
emaciation
malabsorption of nutrients thru gut wall
increased FCR
death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chicken Eimeria diagnosis…

A
  1. farm history
  2. clinical exam
  3. post-mortem
  4. microscopic exam
  5. scraping of intestinal mucosa -> schizonts (meronts)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Species diagnosis of chicken Eimeria…3 largest & highest pathogenicity?

A

E. maxima ~23 - 39um (largest)
E. brunetti ~20 - 29um (2nd largest)
E. tenella ~19 - 23um (most pathogenic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chicken Eimeria control & prevention…

A
  • vax in 1st week
  • oocysts require warm & moist cond’s for sporulation thus, good management to keep areas clean & dry
  • do not overstock
  • anticoxidials
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is Toxoplasma gondii extra- or intracellular?

A

intracellular - can infect any nucleated cell in mammals & birds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T or F - Toxoplasma gondii is the 2nd most widely dispersed eukaryote on earth

A

false - THE MOST widely dispersed eukaryote on earth!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii…

A
  • causes strange personality changes (eg. women -> increased friends & relationships; men -> increased aggression & jealous)
  • major significance is zoonosis -> abortion or hydranencephaly in children
  • significant cause of abortion in sheep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii…

A

Same as chicken Eimeria but with many intermediate hosts (pig, man, cow, sheep, mouse, bird) definitive AND intermediate host - cat plus several transport hosts (flies, cockroaches, worms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the diagnostic/infective stages of Toxoplasma gondii?

A

diagnostic - tissue cysts & tachyzoites in foetus
infective - fecal cysts ingested by mice & birds; fecal cysts contaminating food & water; tissue cysts eaten by humans (sheep & pork); blood transfusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Re: life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii… asexual repro occurs where?

A

intermediate hosts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Re: life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii… asexual & sexual repro occurs where?

A

cat intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Re: life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii…oocysts undergo what? Where?

A

sporulation in the faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T or F - oocysts are resistant in the environment

22
Q

How is Toxoplasma gondii transmitted?

Study These Flashcards
A

eating (oral ingestion via prey or cannibalism) or vertical transmission

23
Q

Re: life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii…how many independent life cycles interlink?

24
Q

Re: life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii…what determines the efficiency of the life cycle?

Study These Flashcards
A

range of hosts it can infect, efficiency of infection, likelihood of becoming infected

25
Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii...?
In cats - oocysts in cat faeces | In humans - antibodies (infection -> IgG & IgM response)
26
Cryptosporidium infects which animals...?
dogs, cats, pigs, rabbits...
27
Is Cryptosporidium zoonotic?
yes
28
Cryptosporidium life cycle...
sporulated oocyst ingested via inhalation -> sporozoite enters villi of trachea/intestine -> type I Meront -> merozoite -> either returns to villi OR -> type II Meront -> merozoites -> macrogamont & microgamont -> zygote -> either thick-walled sporulated oocyst that exits host OR -> thin-walled sporulated oocyst -> auto-infection -> cycle repeats...
29
Cryptosporidium pathology...
villus atrophy villus fusion inflam cells -> tracheal/intestinal tissues
30
Cryptosporidium clinical signs...
asymptomatic young animals immunocompromised stress due to overcrowding...
31
Cryptosporidium diagnosis...
oocysts in faecal samples direct immunofluorescence Rapid Ab test PCR
32
What disease does Plasmodium spp cause?
malaria
33
Characteristics of Plasmodium...
highly specific for human & mozzies (anopheles)
34
How many people world wide are at risk of malaria?
3.3 billion! particularly pregnant women & those in poor areas
35
How many species infect humans?
4
36
Life cycle of Plasmodium spp...
sporozoite injected into HUMAN with saliva from mozzie -> sporozoite into liver cell -> merogony (hepatic cells) -> merozoites released into RBCs -> merogony (RBCs) -> either back into RBCs OR -> macrogametocyte & microgametocyte -> MOZZIE takes up gametocytes with blood meal -> fertilisation -> ookinete -> into midgut wall of mozzie -> dev into oocyst -> sporogony -> oocyst ruptures -> sporozoites -> salivary gland -> cycle repeats...
37
Is Plasmodium spp non-migratory or migratory?
migratory, as it 'migrates' from liver to RBCs
38
Re. Plasmodium spp...which host is intermediate/definitive?
intermediate - human | definitive - mozzie
39
Symptoms of malaria...
fever anaemia splenic enlargement haemorrhage
40
Malaria diagnosis...
microscopy - any stage of life cycle molecular - PCR patient antibodies
41
Malaria prevention & control...
``` anti-malaria drugs cause drug resistance self protection PPE chemical repellents bed nets ```
42
When was malaria eradicated in Aus?
1981 however we still have the vector
43
What is Babesia?
tick fever - cattle
44
babesia life cycle...
tick takes blood meal -> sporozoite into host (cow) -> ring form -> merogony -> merozoite -> gamete -> tick takes blood meal -> gamogony -> fertilisation in midgut -> ookinete -> salivary gland -> sporogony -> sporozoites -> cycle repeats...
45
In Babesia, where does merogony/gamogony/sporogony take place?
merogony in cow (intermediate host) | gamogony & sporogony in tick (definitive host)
46
Babesia clinical signs...
``` fever loss of appetite depression weakness nervous symptoms... ```
47
What breeds are most susceptible to Babesia?
British & European breeds
48
Define endemic stability and give example
When all factors influencing disease occurrence are relatively stable resulting in little fluctuation in disease incidence over time eg. Babesia organisms & cattle ticks present on a property without animal losses or clinical disease
49
Difference in Theileria orientalis' life cycle to Plasmodium & Babesia?
larva -> nymph
50
Theileria orientalis diagnosis?
blood samples using EDTA or PCR
51
Theileria orientalis pathology?
anaemia | regenerative haematopoiesis
52
Theileria orientalis clinical signs...
severe anaemia lethargy lack of appetite

ASC305 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions