Parasitiology & Zoonosis Flashcards
(37 cards)
Bacteria?
Bacteria?
.Bacteria live as single cells which measure no more than a few thousandths of a mm long.
.A pinhead would be able to hold many hundreds of millions of bacterial cells.
.Some bacteria can be helpful like yogurt bacteria and others very harmful like E.coli.
.The hair like structures surrounding the bacterium cell is called pili.
.Spiral shaped bacteria are found in water e.g. leptospirosis.
Viruses?
Viruses?
.Can only function inside the cell of another organism and are minute obligate intracellular parasites.
.Antibiotics have no effect on a virus.
.Can be transmitted in water vapour (aerosol).
.Cause cell damage. Is only able to attach to cells that carry a compatible receptor e.g. flu in the respiratory tract.
Canine viruses?
Canine viruses?
.Kennel cough .Distemper
.Canine enteritis .Parvovirus
.Rabies .Hepatitis
.Tracheobronchitis
Fungal parasites?
Fungal parasites?
.A fungal organism secretes digestive substances onto other living surfaces to obtain their nutrition.
Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)?
Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)?
.Highly contagious and a zoonosis. It reproduces by means of spores.
.Spores can cause respiratory problems and in some instances death. A fungal organism spreads its spores from the centre of the main growth area.
.Hair will fall out and the area will be very sore.
.Diagnose by woods lamp or skin scraping and growing it in a lab for 10 - 12 days.
.Can live up to 24 months in the environment.
Parasites can carry and transmit?
Parasites can carry and transmit?
.Viruses and bacterial pathogens.
Types of pathogen transmission?
Types of pathogen transmission?
.Vector - an arthropod responsible for the transmission of a disease from one animal to another. (Only a carrier)
.Fomite - inanimate objects (indirect)
.Aerosol - transmitted through water vapour.
Disinfectant?
Disinfectant?
.Kills or prevents the growth of most pathogens.
Direct contact?
Direct contact?
.Is the direct body surface to body surface contact resulting in physical transfer of microorganisms from an infected animal to a non infected animal.
.Physical contact between animals e.g. licking, grooming, sleeping, fighting, coitus.
.Microorganisms transmitted this way need to live on an animal to survive.
Indirect contact?
Indirect contact?
.Is the result of physical transfer of microorganisms from the original animal source to a new host without direct contact between the two.
.No physical contact between animals.
.Transmission happens when the animal contaminates the environment with body fluids.
Infectious diseases?
Infection diseases?
.An infectious disease is caused by the invasion of harmful microorganisms or pathogens, that will grow in the body tissues.
.The pathogens are then transmitted between individuals and the disease spreads.
.It may or may not be contagious
.Bacteria .Viruses .Fungi
.Protozoa .Parasites
Incubation period?
Incubation period?
.The time the animal has got the disease to the time when clinical signs appear.
.Has the disease but hasn’t shown signs yet.
.The time between getting the disease and showing signs.
Immunisation?
Immunisation?
.Vaccines are given to stimulate antibody production and prevent infection of specific diseases.
Hyperimmune serums?
Hyperimmune serums?
.Already contain antibodies are usually only given when there is a high risk of the disease having already been transmitted.
Immunity?
Immunity?
.Describes security against a particular pathogen , which makes the animal non - susceptible to certain specific diseases.
.Inherent immunity - genetically some species are immune to certain diseases e.g. cats to lepto.
.Active immunity - the animal produces its own antibodies to disease e.g. vaccination or post disease.
.Passive immunity - the animal is given antibodies to a specific disease e.g. via placenta or by anti serum.
.Innate immunity - present at birth
Vaccines?
Vaccines?
.Stimulate the immune response to produce antibodies, which are then able to fight the disease should infection occur.
.Provide immunity to the susceptible animal by introducing a disrupted and harmless version of the pathogen into the body.
.Booster vaccinations keep this immunity stimulated.
Maternal immunity?
Maternal immunity?
.Starts to diminish usually between 6-9 weeks of age.
Convalescent carriers?
Convalescent carriers?
.Had the disease and recovered.
Healthy carriers?
Healthy carriers?
.Never had it.
Systemic?
Systemic?
.Spread through the whole body in the bloodstream.
Infection terms?
Infection terms?
.Subclinical infection - has no clinical signs.
.Bacteriaemia - bacteria in the blood.
.Pyaemia - bacteria and WBCs forming pus in the blood.
.Septicaemia - bacteria multiplying in the blood.
Non - infectious disease?
Non - infectious disease?
.A disease that is not caused by microorganisms but is usually due to a disturbance in the normal metabolism of the animal e.g. diabetes, neoplasia, poisoning.
Contagious disease?
Contagious disease?
.A disease that is able to spread from one animal to another via direct or indirect contact.
Bacteridal/ bactericide (Bcidal)?
Bacteridal/ bactericide (Bcidal)?
.Is a substance that kills bacteria.
.They are disinfectants, antiseptics or antibiotics.
.Hydrogen peroxide is a disinfectant.
