PARASITOLOGY Flashcards
(369 cards)
1
Q
Question about practice or belief ng asian country in treating asthma kaya nagkakaroon ng pentastomid cases sa mga human.
a. Scale of snake in wine
b. Eating of gecko
c. Eating of snake
A
B. Eating gecko
2
Q
Myiasis is commonly observed in what spp.?
a. Lizard
b. Snake (rare)
c. Turtle
d. frog
A
C. Turtle
3
Q
Monieza spp. intermediate host.
A
ORIBATID MITE
4
Q
Other question is binigay yung I.H (GRASSHOPPER) and what parasite yung choices.
a. DICROCOLEUM
b. EURYTREMA
A
B. Eurytrema. Dicrocoelium IH are ants/formics
5
Q
Vectors of leshmaniasis.
A
SANDFLY
6
Q
What parasite is controlled when using acaricides?
A
BABESISA
7
Q
One question is how to control ceratophagonidae (no-see-ums, or biting midges,)?
A
Combined larvicidal and adulticidal treatment
8
Q
Why rotational grazing is effective in controlling R. sanguineus?
a. One host tick
b. give time for the free stages of ticks to die
c. tick is sensitive to environment
A
B. give time for the free stages of ticks to die
9
Q
Nematodal resistance in cattle.
A
Benzimidazole??
10
Q
Plasmodium in avian.
A
Avian malaria is a vector-transmitted disease caused by protozoa in the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus; these parasites reproduce asexually within bird hosts and both asexually and sexually within their insect vectors, which include mosquitoes (Culicidae), biting midges (Ceratopogonidae), and louse flies
11
Q
Shape of monieza benedeni?
a. Cuboidal
b. Rhomboid
A
A. cuboidal
12
Q
Black diseases is common in what spp?
A
Sheep
13
Q
What is the difference between f. hepatica and f. gigantica?
A
gantica are longer but narrower, with a smaller shoulder, more anterior testes, larger ventral sucker and shorter cephalic cone compared to F. hepatica. In addition, the branching pattern of the caeca, ovary and testes is different in both species.
14
Q
How much blood is sucked by tapeworm per day?
A
.5ml blood per day
15
Q
Ich life cycle ( in order stage of trophont-tomites)
A
1) the on-fish, feeding TROPHONT;
2) the environmental, reproducing TOMONT; and
3) the infective, fish-seeking THERONT/TOMITES
16
Q
Parasites of rhesus monkey.
A
Prosthenorchis spp. Capillaria Spp. Primasubulura jacchi Entamoeba Strongyloide Hymenolepis
17
Q
Larva migrans.
A
Cutaneous - Ancylostoma
Visceral - Toxocara
18
Q
Coccidians treatment and disinfection,
A
Ammonium Hydroxide has been reported as a highly effective disinfectant against oocysts. An old but effective system to control coccidiosis in an empty house is use of slated lime and ammonium sulphate: per 100 m2 floor surface 10 kg of Calcium Hydroxide (slated lime) and 20 kg of Ammonium Sulphate (fertiliser) is spread on the floor and approximately 100 litres of water is sprayed on top. This will produce a high level of ammonia, killing the oocysts. It also produces a gypsum, which will help to cover remaining oocysts in cracks in the floor. Use a proper gasmask when applying this system!
19
Q
Coccidians treatment and disinfection,
A
Ammonium Hydroxide has been reported as a highly effective disinfectant against oocysts. An old but effective system to control coccidiosis in an empty house is use of slated lime and ammonium sulphate: per 100 m2 floor surface 10 kg of Calcium Hydroxide (slated lime) and 20 kg of Ammonium Sulphate (fertiliser) is spread on the floor and approximately 100 litres of water is sprayed on top. This will produce a high level of ammonia, killing the oocysts. It also produces a gypsum, which will help to cover remaining oocysts in cracks in the floor. Use a proper gasmask when applying this system!
20
Q
Predilection site of myiasis.
A
Around the nose, eyes, anus, genitalia, or neglected wounds.
21
Q
Size of the female Macracanthorhyncus hirudianceus?
A
35mm
22
Q
Ascaris size?
A
50-60 cm? 10-12 inches?
23
Q
Paragonimus kellicoti.
A
crayfish
24
Q
Psoroptes Life cycle duration.
A
- around 10 days
The Adult female is capable of laying up to 100 eggs during her life time, which is usually just one month. The duration of the life cycle is around 10 days, and consists of two nymphal stages.
25
Prepatent period of Trichuris?
The prepatent period of T. vulpis is 74 to 90 days.
26
Merozoites are product of?
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
27
Syngamy-
SEXUAL
28
Macracanthorhyncus diameter?
9mm? 6mm?4mm?
29
One host tick?
Dermacentor albipictus
30
Chorioptes bovis –
NON JOINTED PRETARSI
31
Brown stomach worm or medium worm?
Ostertagia ostertagi
32
Ichythyophthyrius ---
white spot
33
Eimeria aurata in what animal ?
GOLDFISH
34
Fasciola of elephant.
F. hepatica
35
Help in pathogenesis of Black disease?
F. Hepatica? F. magna? ( 2 questions)
36
Dirofilaria is transmitted by
MOSQUITOES.
37
Eimeria that affects the upper intestine except.
E. brunetti.
38
Not zoonotic?
Anaplasma marginale?
39
Pleistophora hypessobryconis
ausative agent of “neon tetra disease,”
40
Surra came from a word (blank) that means?
a. Hoarse
b. Wheezing
b. Wheezing
41
Uses Oribatid mites as its IH-
ANOPLOCEPHALA
42
Rat tailed appearance?
Oxyuris equi
43
Esophageal sarcoma?
Spirocerca lupi
44
Thysanoma actinoides-
LIVER
45
Carrier of Infectious enterohepatitis-
Heterakis gallinarum
46
Syngamus trachea-
in copula
47
Fungus Pilobolus is important in the dissemination of its larvae in the pasture?
Dictyocaulus viviparus
48
Cutaneous larva emigrans----
Ancylostoma braziliense
49
IH of Thorny headed worms?
| ---ang alam ko is Dung Bettle, pero walang dung beetle sa mga choices
crustaceans, insects, and annelids.
50
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects most species of warm-blooded animals, including humans, and causes the disease toxoplasmosis.
51
Monieza benedeni-
square shaped egg
52
Hematobia irritans-
Fresh cattle manure
53
IH of macracanthorynchus
Millipedes (stateboard question)
54
IH of sacrocyst
PIGS, Cattle
55
Hydatidosis in man
Spirometra mansoni
56
Hydatodisis in man (2nd question)
Echinococcus
57
Life cycle of whip worm(Trichuriasis)
a. 1week
b. 1 month
c. 2 months
d. 3 months
d. 3 months
58
IH of angiostrongylus cantonensis(rat lungworm)
a. Fish
b. Copepods
c. Crustacean
d. All
c. Crustacean
59
IH of eimeria perforans
Rabbit
60
Cockroach feeds on, except?
Fresh vegetable, sputum, dead insect, food?
61
Cockroach transmit which disease?
Enterobacteria? Lepto?TB?
62
Thickness of male macracanthorynchus
4-10 mm
63
Ascaris suis maximum length
12-15 inches (40 cm)
64
The intermediate host for Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Thorny headed worm) is usually a
scarabaeoid or hydrophilid beetle;
65
Which is present at the Liver
a. Platynosomum fastomum
b. thysanosoma
c. dicrocoelium
d. s. globipunctata
a. Platynosomum fastomum - liver flukes of cats/
c. dicrocoelium- lancet liver fluke (cattle)
b. thysanosoma- bile duct, pancreatic duct
d. s. globipunctata - duodenum and jejunum
66
Hermaprodite, except
Schistosoma
67
Adult hematobia irritans can be seen in
Milking shed, barn, steer’s back
68
Hematobia irritans
Fresh manure
69
Does not need 2 IH?
Fasciola hepatica
70
Fluke of sheep
Fasciola hepatica
71
Blackhead dss?
Histomoniasis/an important poultry disease that affects turkeys, chickens, and game birds such as partridges, pheasants, and quail. The disease is caused by the protozoa Histomonas meleagridis, tiny, single-celled organisms that are spread to the bird by the roundworm Heterakis gallinarum.
72
Horse bot fly lifecycle
1-2 days
73
Not zoonotic
Anaplasma marginale
74
Which fish with whirling disease?
Whirling disease is a disease of salmonid fish, the family of fish that includes trout, salmon, and whitefish. The disease is caused by an invasive parasite known as Myxobolus cerebralis.
75
Eimeria aurata
Most pathogenic coccidia of gold fish
76
Psoroptes Life cycle?
12 days
77
Control of texas cattle fever via elimination /control of boophilus annulatus was successful because
Boophilus annulatus is a one host tick (question from CapCvet)
78
Cockroaches are considered scavengers, but they do not eat this?
Dead inscets, trash and feces, leafy greens?
79
Apamonna
Reptiles
80
Length of dioctophyma renale (giant kidney worm,)?
Adult male worms are 20–40 cm long and 5–6 mm wide;
| females can grow to 103 cm in length with a width of 10–12 mm
81
Helminth with 2 spicules, except?
Trichinella
82
Drug against trematode and cestode?
a. Praziquantel
b. Mebendazole
c. Febantel
a. Praziquantel
83
1 host tick
Albipictus
84
Which has short pedicels?
Choriptes
85
Fasciola of elephant?
F. hepatica
86
Fasciola not seen in liver?
Fasciolopsis buski? (small intestine)
87
Modified sheater’s solution.
a. Dextrose
b. Corn syrup
b. Corn syrup
88
Merozoite
Schizogony
89
Hyoderma bovis
Grubby tail
90
Cutaneous larval migrans in man
Ancysolstoam brazilienze
91
Taenia solium
Pig and man
92
Taenia saginata
Ruminant
93
Smallest and most pathogenic poultry tapeworm
Davainea proglottina
94
Granular coccidiosis in carps
Eimeria subepithelialis
95
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Leishmania tropica
96
Visceral leishmeaniasis
Leishmania donovanii
97
An infection in man that can be acquired or congenitally through pregnancy causing serious mental retardation.
Toxoplasma gondii
98
Carrier of blackhead
Heterakis gallinae
99
Coccidiosis in rabbit
Eimeria stiedae
100
Oesophagheal worm
Spirocerca lupi
101
Square-shaped egg
Moniezia benedini –cattle
102
Triangle-shaped egg
Monieizia expansa – sheep or goat
103
Barber’s pole worm
Hemonchus contortus
104
Three host tick
Dermacentor variabilis
105
Protozoa in liver of rabbit
Eimeria stiedai
106
Cnemodecoptes mutans affects which animal
Fowl
107
Eimeria subepithelialis
Carp
108
Stable fly/ Stomoxys calcitrans
Stable flies are obligate blood feeders, and primarily attack cattle and horses for a blood meal. In the absence of these animal hosts, they will bite people and dogs.
109
Horse fly
- feces
- Horse fly, any member of the insect family Tabanidae (order Diptera), but more specifically any member of the genus Tabanus.
110
Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis
A. cantonensis
111
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Rat lungworm
112
Most pathogenic tapeworm of poultry
Davaniea proglotinna
113
Length of Macracanthorynchus hirudinaceus
a. 30 um
b. 20 cm
c. 35 cm
d. 65 cm
Adult females measure 18–65 cm long by 4–10 mm wide;
adult males measure 5–10 cm long by 3–5 mm wide.
114
Helminth of rainbow trout
Capillaria sp.
115
Animal affected by Surra
horses, donkeys, mules, deer, camels, llamas, dogs, cats, cattle, ...
116
Dourine
- Trypanosoma equiperdum
- Silver dollar plaquess
Covering sickness, or dourine (French, from the Arabic darina, meaning mangy (said of a female camel), feminine of darin, meaning dirty), is a disease of horses and other members of the family Equidae
117
Malde caderas
Trypanosoma equinum
118
Sarcocystis hominis hosts
Human
119
transmission of Toxoplasmosis
a. Instant noodles
b. Roasted chicken
c. Cake
d. Bread
b. Roasted chicken (inadequate)
120
Eyeworms EXCEPT
Ascarops strongylina - A small bloodsucking worm found in the stomach of pigs and wild boars in many parts of the world
121
Leishmaniasis adleri
Lizard
122
Capillaria philippinensis transmission
a. Infected water
b. Freshwater fish
c ingestion of snail
b. Freshwater fish
123
Which if the ff. nematode species where egg cannot be found in feces during fecal exam?
Oxyuris equi
124
Both hyper- and autoinfection
Strongyloides stercoralis
125
Ff. tapeworms affecting fishes EXCEPT:
Avitellina
126
Neurocysticercosis in man
Taenia solium
127
Intermediate host thornyheaded worm
dung beetle
128
Digenea infect what?
digestive tract, but occur throughout the organ systems of all classes of vertebrates
mollusc and vertebrates
129
Monogenea
Monogenea are small parasitic flatworms mainly found on skin or gills of fish. They are rarely longer than about 2 cm.
130
“Gapeworm”
Syngamus trachea - always in copula
131
Nematode causing esophageal sarcoma in dog
Spirocerca lupi - esophageal worm of dogs
132
Nematode always in copula
a. Boschada,
b. Syngamus trachea
c. Schistosoma
b. Syngamus trachea
133
Fungus Pilobolus
Dictyocaulus viviparous
134
Square shape egg
Monieza benedini
135
Zoonotic Babesia
Babesia Microti
136
Barber pole worm in cattle
Haemonchus placei
137
Gongylonema pulchrum
- common parasite of domestic swine, sheep, goats, and cattle, amongst other wild ungulate hosts.
- only parasite of the genus Gongylonema capable of infecting humans(accidental host). up to 10 years and cause symptoms of local irritation in the oral cavity, esophagu
138
Three hosts tick
a. Dermacentor variabilis
b. R. evertsi
a. Dermacentor variabilis
139
Ornithostrongylus quadriradiatus
Nodule formation
140
Parasite of the domesticated pigeon
Ornithostrongylus quadriradiatus
141
Telamon can be found in which of the ff nematode?
Strongylids
142
Hematobia irritans
Fresh cattle manure
143
Granular coccidiosis in carp
Eimeria subepitheliasis
144
Which leg pair/s of female Knemidocoptes mites has/have suckers?
2,3 legs
145
3-4 qts about Gnathosoma spinigerum
Cause of human infection – ingestion of infected fish or frog
146
10 to 15 mm long white stout worms in python causing problems
Ascarids
147
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis
148
Baermann method
Method to isolate infective larvae
149
Rat-tailed appearance
Oxyuris equi
150
Pseudoscolex
Fimbraria faciolaris
151
Pairs inside cyst in lung parenchyma
Paragonimus westermani
152
Not transmitted transplacentally
Toxocara cati (all other choices have transplacental transmission)
153
The larvae of Stomoxys calcitrans develop in
a. Fresh cattle manure
b. Decaying hay or similar organic material
c. Soil
d. Quiet bodies of water
a. Fresh cattle manure
154
Skin scraping of a lesion at the base of the tail of a cow reveal mites, you identify chorioptes bovis by their
a. Long, jointed pedicels of the pretarsi
b. Long, unjointed pedicels of the pretarsi
c. Short pedicel of the pretarsi
d. Elongated body
b. Long, unjointed pedicels of the pretarsi
155
What should be the most concerned about introducing to the new locale with foxes?
a. E. multilocularis
b. A. caninum
c. T. leonina
d. U. stephanofilaria
a. E. multilocularis
156
A dog with Spirocerca lupi is most likely to develop.
a. Diarrhea
b. Anemia
c. Dysphagia
d. Pulmonary insufficiency
c. Dysphagia
kasi Esophageal worm si S.lupi
157
Re-infectivity of trypanosoma after ingestion of Glossina?
a. Acquire flagellum
b. Acquire coat protein
a. Acquire flagellum
158
Taenia secretion for immune evasion, EXCEPT? (Refer to Stateboard)
a. Prostaglandin
b. Superoxidase desmuthase
c. Taenin
b. Superoxidase desmuthase
159
Female chicken scaly leg mite?
a. 2, 3 leg with sucker
b. 1, 2, 4, leg with sucker
c. All legs have no sucker
d. All legs have sucker
a. 2, 3 leg with sucker
160
Elk & goat fluke in gall bladder and small intestine? 2 questions
P. fascio... (kakaiba)
161
3-host tick?
R. sanguineus
162
Lone star tick?
a. Amblyomma americanum
b. Amblyomma variegatum
a. Amblyomma americanum
163
Best control of cockroach?
a. Clean and remove hiding place
b. Pesticides
a. Clean and remove hiding place
164
Control of tabanus in Cattle?
a. Stabling during severe attack period
b. Repellant
a. Stabling during severe attack period
165
Alaria mermacia (not sure species) is transmitted to kittens after birth?
a. Transcolostral
b. Direct
a. Transcolostral
166
NOT zoonotic?
a. Tetrameres
b. Mecistocirrus
c. Ancylostoma
a. Tetrameres
167
NOT affect kidney?
a. Trichuris
b. Toxocara
c. Ancylostoma
d. Ascaris
a. Trichuris
168
Hairworm of horse causes?
a. Ulceration
b. Erosion
c. Nodule
d. ALL
b. Erosion
169
Stomach worm of cattle causes?
a. Hemorrhagic dysentery
b. Colic
c. Diarrhea
d. Constipation
b. Colic
170
Causative agent of Chagas disease?
Trypanosoma cruzi
171
Woodchuck parasite.
Toxocara?????
172
Order of parasites without wings?
Phthiraptera
173
Mode of transmission of disease by tabanus?
Blood sucking
174
Etiology: lesion found in the basal area of ears of pig.
Hematopinus
175
Viability of fluke egg in the soil.
A.2 weeks
B.6 months
C.2 year
D. 9 months
????
176
The incorrect match between organism and the appropriate diagnostic procedure is
a. Onchocerca volvulus - examination of skin snips
b. Cryptosporidium - modified acid fast stain
c. Echinococcus granulosus - routine ova and parasite examination
d. Schistosoma haematobium -- examination of urine sediment
ANSWER (c): The appropriate procedure for the diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid disease) would involve the microscopic examination of hydatid fluid aspirated from a cyst. Immature scolices and/or hooklets would be found in the centrifuged fluid sediment and could be identified under the microscope.
177
Charcot-Leyden crystals in stool may be associated with an immune response and are thought to be the breakdown products of:
a. neutrophils
b. eosinophils
c. monocytes
d. lymphocytes
ANSWER (b): When eosinophils disintegrate, the granules reform into Charcot-Leyden crystals. Eosinophils are more likely to be present in patients with helminth infections (rather than protozoa).
178
orphological characteristics of the rhabditiform (non-infective) larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis are:
a. a short buccal capsule and large genital primordium
b. a long buccal capsule and pointed tail
c. a short buccal capsule and small genital primordium
d. a small genital primordium and notch in tail
ANSWER (a): The rhabditiform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis are characterized by the short buccal capsule (mouth) and large genital primordium; these hookworm larvae have a long buccal capsule and very small genital primordium.
179
Visceral and ocular larva migrans are associated with which of the following organisms and diagnostic test?
a. Toxocara - serology
b. Onchocerca - skin snips
c. Dracunculus - skin biopsy
d. Angiostrongylus - CSF examination
ANSWER (a): Toxocara spp. cause visceral and/or ocular larva migrans, which occurs when humans accidentally ingest the infective eggs of the dog or cat ascarid. The larvae migrate through the deep tissues, including the eye; and the appropriate test of choice is the serology.
180
The following organisms are linked with specific, relevant information. The incorrect combination is:
a. Strongyloides stercoralis - internal autoinfection
b. Echinococcus granulosus - hydatid disease
c. Taenia solium – human can serve as definitive and intermediate hosts
d. Schistosoma mansoni - common within the United States
ANSWER (d): Schistosoma mansoni is a blood fluke that is pathogenic for humans; these particular worms reside in the veins over the large intestine. The egg has a very large lateral spine; eggs can be recovered from the stool in infected patients. The infection is not endemic within the United States. However, the eggs may be seen in proficiency testing specimens. So, although it is not common, laboratories must still be able to identify these organisms.
181
6. Examination of a 24 hour unpreserved urine specimen is sometimes helpful in the recovery of:
a. Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites
b. Schistosoma haematobium eggs
c. Enterobius vermicularis eggs
d. Strongyloides stercoralis larvae
ANSWER (b): Schistosoma haematobium blood flukes reside in the veins over the bladder. When the eggs are passed from the body, they are often found in urine; egg viability can also be determined.
182
The examination of sputum and stool may be necessary to diagnose infection with:
a. Paragonimus westermani
b. Trichinella spiralis
c. Wuchereria bancrofti
d. Fasciola hepatica
ANSWER (a): Paragonimus westermani adult worms are found in the lung and eggs may be coughed up in the sputum. Consequently, both sputum and/or stool (if the sputum containing the eggs is swallowed) are the recommended specimens for examination for the eggs.
183
Two helminth eggs that may resemble one another are:
a. Diphyllobothrium latum and Paragonimus westermani
b. Opisthorchis sinensis and Fasciolopsis buski
c. Taenia saginata and Hymenolepis nana
d. Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichostrongylus
ANSWER (a): Both Diphyllobothrium latum and Paragonimus westermani eggs are operculated and approximately the same size. The morphology is similar, in spite of the fact that D. latum has a knob at the abopercular end and P. westermani has a thickened abopercular end and shoulders into which the operculum fits.
184
9. Eating poorly cooked pork can lead to an infection with:
a. Taenia solium and Trichinella spiralis
b. Taenia saginata and Hymenolepis nana
c. Trichuris trichiura and Hymenolepis diminuta
d. Diphyllobothrium latum and Ascaris lumbricoides
ANSWER (a): Both Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) and Trichinella spiralis can be acquired from the ingestion of raw or poorly cooked infective pork.
185
An operculated cestode egg that can be recovered in human feces is:
a. Clonorchis sinensis
b. Diphyllobothrium latum
c. Paragonimus westermani
d. Dipylidium caninum
ANSWER (b): Diphyllobothrium latum is the only operculated cestode egg that is found in humans; the infection is acquired from the ingestion of raw fresh water fish.
186
The adult tapeworm of Echinococcus granulosus is found in the intestine of:
a. Humans
b. Sheep
c. Dogs
d. Cattle
ANSWER (c): While the hydatid cysts are found in sheep or in humans (accidental intermediate host), the adult tapeworms of Echinococcus granulosus are found in the intestine of the dog.
187
In infections with Taenia solium, man can serve as the:
a. definitive host
b. intermediate host
c. definitive and/or the intermediate host
d. none of the above
ANSWER (c): If humans ingest Taenia solium cysticerci in uncooked or rare pork, the adult tapeworm will mature within the intestine (human will serve as definitive host); if eggs from the adult tapeworm are ingested, then the cysticerci will develop in human tissues (accidental intermediate host), causing cysticercosis.
188
Humans acquire infections with Diphyllobothrium latum adult worms by:
a. ingestion of fresh water crabs
b. skin penetration of cercariae
c. ingestion of water chestnuts
d. ingestion of infected raw fresh water fish
ANSWER (d): The ingestion of raw fresh water fish containing the encysted larvae of Diphyllobothrium latum will result in the development of an adult tapeworm within the human intestine.
189
Humans can serve as both the intermediate and definitive host in infections caused by:
a. Enterobius vermicularis
b Hymenolepis nana
c. Schistosoma japonicum
d. Ascaris lumbricoides
ANSWER (b): Hymenolepis nana is one of the tapeworms where humans serve as both intermediate and definitive hosts. When ingested, the oncosphere penetrates the intestinal mucosa, develops into the mature cysticercoid (human is intermediate host), and returns to the gut where the adult tapeworm matures (human is definitive host).
190
Organisms (and infections) that under normal conditions could not be transmitted in the laboratory are:
a. Hymenolepis nana – dwarf tapeworm disease
b. Taenia solium - cysticercosis
c. Ascaris lumbricoides - ascariasis
d. Enterobius vermicularis - pinworm infection
ANSWER (c): Ascaris lumbricoides eggs require a period of development in the soil before they are infective for humans. The other organisms listed could be transmitted within the laboratory or in the hospital setting.
191
Which microfilariae are usually not found circulating in the peripheral blood?
a. Brugia malayi
b. Loa loa
c. Wuchereria bancrofti
d. Onchocerca volvulus
ANSWER (d): The microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus are normally found in the fluid right under the outer layer of skin. Therefore, the skin snip is the proper specimen to examine.
192
The miracidial hatching test helps to demonstrate the viability of:
a. eggs of Taenia species.
b. eggs of Schistosoma species.
c. eggs of hookworm species.
d. eggs of Opisthorchis.
ANSWER (b): The determination of egg viability is important in schistosomiasis; therefore, the miracidial hatching test would be helpful in demonstrating the egg viability of Schistosoma species. Once the eggs were hatched, the living miracidium larvae would be visible in the water.
193
The incorrect match between organism and characteristic is:
a. Fasciola hepatica and liver infection
b. Trichuris trichiura and eggs with polar plugs
c. Echinococcus granulosus and daughter cysts
d. Schistosoma mansoni and egg with terminal spine
ANSWER (d): The egg of Schistosoma mansoni is characterized by having a large lateral spine; S. haematobium has the characteristic terminal spine.
194
An immunosuppressed male had several episodes of pneumonia, intestinal pain, and sepsis with Gram negative rods, and a history of military service in Southeast Asia 20 years earlier. The organism is:
a. Fasciolopsis buski
b. Strongyloides stercoralis
c. Hookworm
d. Paragonimus westermani
ANSWER (b): A latent infection with Strongyloides stercoralis acquired years before may cause severe symptoms in the immunosuppressed patient (“autoinfective” capability of life cycle and migratory route through the body).
195
Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis is a form of larva migrans causing fever, headache, stiff neck, and increased cells in the spinal fluid. It is generally a mild and self-limited infection and is caused by:
a. Necator americanus
b. Angiostrongylus cantonensis
c. Ancylostoma braziliense
d. Strongyloides stercoralis
ANSWER (b): Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis is a form of larva migrans and is caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the rat lungworm. This Pacific area infection is associated with CSF symptoms and sometimes eye involvement.
196
When humans have cystic hydatid disease, the causative agent and host classification are:
a. Echinococcus granulosus - accidental intermediate host.
b. Echinococcus granulosus - definitive host.
c. Taenia solium - accidental intermediate host.
d. Taenia solium - definitive host.
ANSWER (a): The cause of cystic hydatid disease is Echinococcus granulosus and the human is classified as the accidental intermediate host. Infection occurs when humans ingest E. granulosus eggs and the hydatid cyst(s) develop in the liver and lung of the human instead of sheep (normal cycle).
197
When humans have cystic hydatid disease, the causative agent and host classification are:
a. Echinococcus granulosus - accidental intermediate host.
b. Echinococcus granulosus - definitive host.
c. Taenia solium - accidental intermediate host.
d. Taenia solium - definitive host.
ANSWER (a): The cause of cystic hydatid disease is Echinococcus granulosus and the human is classified as the accidental intermediate host. Infection occurs when humans ingest E. granulosus eggs and the hydatid cyst(s) develop in the liver and lung of the human instead of sheep (normal cycle).
198
A 45 year old hunter developed fever, myalgia, and periorbital edema. He has a history of bear meat consumption. The most likely causative agent is:
a. Toxoplasma gondii
b. Taenia solium
c. Hymenolepis nana
d. Trichinella spiralis
ANSWER (d): Infected bear meat is an excellent source of Trichinella spiralis. In this case, the patient had evidently consumed poorly cooked bear meat, thus ingesting the encysted larvae of T. spiralis.
199
This condition results from the accidental ingestion of helminth eggs. In this instance the human becomes the intermediate rather than the definitive host. The correct answer is:
a. trichinosis
b. cysticercosis.
c. ascariasis.
d. strongyloidiasis.
ANSWER (b): The accidental ingestion of Taenia solium eggs can result in the disease we call cysticercosis. The cysticerci will develop in a number of different tissues, including the brain, and the human is the accidental intermediate host.
200
After returning from a 2 year stay in India, the patient had eosinophilia, an enlarged left spermatic cord and bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. The most likely clinical specimen and organism match would be:
a. thin blood films and Leishmania spp.
b. urine and concentration for Trichomonas vaginalis.
c. thin blood films and Babesia.
d. thick blood films and microfilariae.
ANSWER (d): Based on the history, the most relevant procedure to perform would be the preparation and examination of thick blood films for the recovery and identification of microfilariae. The symptoms suggest early filariasis.
201
Which of the following is true about onchocerciasis?
a. The adult worm is present in the blood.
b. The microfilariae are in the blood during the late evening hours.
c. The diagnostic test of choice is the skin snip.
d. The parasite resides in the deep lymphatics.
ANSWER (c): The adult Onchocerca volvulus reside in subcutaneous nodules and the microfilariae are found in the fluids right under the outer layers of skin; thus the appropriate diagnostic test is the microscopic examination of skin snips for the presence of microfilariae.
202
Worldwide, the most prevalent helminth to infect humans is:
a. Enterobius vermicularis, the pinworm.
b. Ascaris lumbricoides, the large intestinal roundworm.
c. Taenia saginata, the beef tapeworm.
d. Schistosoma mansoni, one of the blood flukes
ANSWER (a): The pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis, may be the most common parasitic infection throughout the world and the eggs are infective within just a few hours. Some have said that “You either had the infection as a child, have it now, or will have it again when you have children.”
203
A helminth egg is described as having terminal polar plugs. The most likely helminth would be:
a. Hookworm
b. Trichuris trichiura
c. Fasciola hepatica
d. Dipylidium caninum
ANSWER (b): The eggs of Trichuris trichiura (the whipworm) have been described as being barrel-shaped with a thick shell and two polar plugs.
204
Ingestion of which of the following will result in human infection:
a. Egg of Strongyloides stercoralis
b. Egg of Schistosoma japonicum
c. Egg of Toxocara canis
d. Egg of Opisthorchis sinensis
ANSWER (c): The eggs of Toxocara canis are infectious for humans and cause visceral larva migrans. These ascarid eggs of the dog can infect humans; the eggs hatch and the larvae wander though the deep tissues, occasionally the eye. In this case, the human becomes the accidental intermediate host.
205
A helminth egg is described as having a thick radially striated shell and the shell contains a six-hooked embryo called the oncosphere. This egg is:
a. Hookworm
b. Schistosoma spp.
c. Strongyloides stercoralis
d. Taenia spp.
ANSWER (d): Taenia spp. cestode eggs have a thick radially striated shell that contains a six-hooked embryo called the oncosphere. Although the oncosphere can usually be seen in eggs found in fresh or recently preserved stool, occasionally the embryo may be more difficult to see in eggs that have been stored for long periods in formalin. The radial striations can be seen more closely in the middle and right eggs.
206
The following proglottid was seen in a fresh stool specimen; the proglottid was subsequently injected with India ink. Which of the following is the correct identification?
a. Taenia saginata
b. Hymenolepis diminuta
c. Dipylidium caninum
d. Taenia solium
ANSWER (a): Based on the number of uterine branches (counted on one side only), T. saginata generally has around 16-18 lateral branches (more than 12), while T. solium tends to have about 8-10 (less than 12). It is important to remember to count the branches right where they come off the central stem and to count one side only.
207
A freshwater snail is always a part of the life cycle in which of the following groups?
a. Cestodes
b. Trematodes
c. Filarial worms
d. Intestinal nematodes
ANSWER (b): In all groups of trematodes, there is a freshwater snail in the life cycle. These worms are represented by liver and lung flukes, intestinal flukes, and the blood flukes, all of which are trematodes.
208
Lifespan of cockroach without food.
A.week
B.months
C.year
B.months
209
Lesion/s produce by capillaria/hairworm on the stomach of horse.
A.Ulceration
B.Erosion
C.Nodule
D.Nota
A.Ulceration
B.Erosion
dalawa base kay Merck
210
Lifespan of adult horse bot fly?
1-2 days
211
Intermediate host of thorny-headed worm
dung beetles
definitive host Swine
212
Lernaea spp.
Anchor worm
213
Beef cattle developed anemia and anasarca. During necropsy, there were numerous red and white worms in abomasum (barber pole worm)
Hemonchus place
214
Nodular worm.
Esophagostomum radiatum
215
Protozoa of goldfish.
Eimeria aurata
216
Toxocara cati transmission in kittens.
Transmammary migration of larva
217
Transmitted by fleas except?
a. Dipetalonema,
b. Dipylidium
c. Dirofilaria
c. Dirofilaria
218
Most common source of Toxoplasma infection in cats?
a. Raw meat,
b. cat feces,
c. soil, transplacental
a. Raw meat,
219
Best used for flotation technique?
Sugar
220
Which is sexual, or not asexual? (3qts)
Syngamy
221
Main host of toxoplasmosis?
Cat
222
Ear mange in cattle?
Chorioptes
223
Cause of visceral larva migrans?
Toxocara
224
Sparganosis?
Spirometra
225
Control of Tabanus?
Stable the animals
226
Anchor worm?
Lernaea
227
Parasite locations, eg. not found in the lungs?
Cheilospirura hamulosa
228
Vectors, eg. not carried by mosquito?
Chaga’s dss.
229
Grubby hide?
hypoderma
230
On splenectomized animal?
Babesiosis
231
Toxocara without prenatal transmission?
Toxocara cati
232
Characteristic of Argasidae
a tough leathery integument in all but the larval stage. Eyes when present are on the lateral surface of the body. The capitulum is recessed ventrally near the anterior end and is not visible dorsally (except in larvae).
233
Quadrangular egg?
M. benedini
234
Paragonimus IH?
crayfish
235
Ascaris suum life cycle in days?
Approximately 9–10 days after ingestion, the larvae pass up the bronchial tree, are swallowed, and return to the small intestine by ~10–15 days after infection, where they mature into adult worms. The first eggs are passed ~6–7 wk after infection. Lifespan is ~6–9 mo.
Merck
236
In copula?
Schistosoma
237
Ascarops strongylina
Dung beetle
238
causative agent of White spot?
Ichthyophthirus multifilis
239
Early sign of dourine
The initial lesions of dourine often involve the genitalia. Mares typically develop a mucopurulent vaginal discharge, and the vulva becomes edematous. Vulvitis, vaginitis with polyuria, and signs of discomfort may be seen. There may also be raised and thickened semitransparent patches on the vaginal mucosa.
240
Causative agent of Nagana?
T. congolense
241
Fasciola intermediate host.
Lymnaea sp.
242
1 nucleus Amoebidae
A. proteus
243
Diagnosis of Eimeria sp
Necropsy findings
244
Mycoplasma ovis host.
a. Sheep,
b. cattle,
c. horse
a. Sheep,
245
Ostertagia ostertagii is found in?
Abomasum
246
Twisted wire worm.
Haemonchus
247
Not in floatation.
oxyuris
248
Egg laying of Stomoxys calcitrans
On decaying matter
249
Found on monkey intestine
Salcedo notes
250
Impaction in iguana due to
Stateboard qx
251
Anatrichosoma cuneatum?
On subcutaneous tissue
252
Echinostoma IH.
Pila luzonica
253
Hydatidosis in man.
echinococcus
254
Corona radiata and phasmid
Salcedo
255
Elastase.
Echinococcus larvae
256
Common snake mite?
Ophionyssus natricis
257
Mite that serves as vector of snake pathogens like IBD virus, Aeromonas hydrophila and filarid parasite.
Ophionyssus natricis
258
Protozoa mainly affects snake?
Cryptosporidius serpentis
259
Protozoa mainly affects lizard?
Cryptosporidius varanii
260
It causes severe protracted disease in snake?
Entamoeba invadens
261
Coccidia that is endemic in captive bearded dragons in US.
Isospora amphiboluri
262
Ciliated coccidia of reptiles, esp.the chelonians?
Nyctotherus protoza
263
Hemoplasma, Mycoplasma haemocanis
– dog
264
Mycoplasma ovis –
sheep and goat
265
Mycoplasma haemollamae –
llama and alpacas
266
Barbers pole worm –
Hemochus
267
Size of Toxocara vitoulorum –
35 cm
268
Anaplasma –
no hemoglobinuria
269
Scientific name of cockroach
Blatta spp. / Blattaria, Blattodea,
270
Color of Anaplasma in Romanowski
show purple color mulberry-like microcolonies called Morulae with 1.5 to 2.5 or 6 μm in diameter
271
Sulfur yellow dropping –
H. meleagridis
272
Controlled by e-fan –
Culicoides
273
Control of house fly –
proper cleaning and disposal of manure
274
Intestinal fluke with large ventral papillae –
Homologaster
275
Increased plasma plasminogen-
Ostertagia
276
Most pathogenic coccidian in goat
Eimeria arloingi
277
The snail host of Fasciola gigantica in the Philippines is-
Lymnaea auricularia rubiginosa
278
This helminth genus is characterized by having a parasitic and free-living generations-
strongylides
279
This helminth usually occurs in pairs inside cysts in the lung parenchyma:
Paragonimus westermani;
280
Pseudoscolex is a feature of:
Fimbraria fasciolaris
281
The rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis can cause one of the following conditions in man:
Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis
282
Infection with this parasite results in rat-tail appearance in the infected animal due to extreme irritation:
Oxyuris equi
283
The helminth parasite with the longest prepatent period is-
Stephanurus dentatus;
284
The males of the following have copulatory bursa EXCEPT:
Ascaridia galli
285
A flattened amphistome with large ventral papillae and found in the large intestine of cattle is
Homalogaster paloniae
286
An embryonated egg, which is bilaterally symmetrical, spherical or oval with 3 pairs of hooks is called:
Oncosphere
287
The following are tapeworms affecting fishes EXCEPT:
Avetillina - found in goats and sheeps
288
From the time of infection to the time eggs or larvae appear in the feces/blood of the host is referred to as.-
prepatent period
289
Adult tapeworms can be found in the following EXCEPT:
Pigs
290
This species causes haemorrhagic nodules on the skin of cattle and water buffaloes:
Parafilaria bovicola
291
Which of these stages of Trichostrongylus sp. is most susceptible to extreme environmental condition-
Second stage larva
292
A technique use in larval recovery is-
Baermann’s technique
293
It is a fungus found common in cattle feces, which helps in the efficient dispersion of Dictyocaulus larvae in the pasture.
–Pilobolus
294
What trichostrongylid species whose egg does not hatch until infective larva (L3) has developed in the egg shell?:
Nematodirus battus.
295
Sarcocystis gigantica: host?
cats are the definitive hosts, while sheep are the intermediate hosts.
296
Reservoir of Trypanosoma congolense in Africa?
blood-feeding tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae)
297
Eimeria found in the liver of rabbit?
Eimeria stiedae
298
Causes Benign Theileriosis?
Theileria mutans
299
Transmitter of surra in horses=
tabanus
300
How much blood is sucked by Ancylostoma caninum per day?
0.1 ml
301
How much time is necessary for Tabanus to transmit trypanosoma to the other animal?
15-20 min
302
Reservoir of surra=
cattle/buffaloes
303
Breed which is more resistant to babesiosis=
Bos indicus breed
304
vesicant produced by beetle=
cantharidin
305
Transmission of T. equiperdum-
coitus
306
hard ticks-
has scutum
307
common name of blister beetle= golden beetle, spanish beetle, blue beetle, green beetle
???
308
Lesion found in tricuris=
typhlitis
309
Acceptable antiprotozoa in aquarium-
quinine
310
Year when capillaria philippinensis was first reported?
1964
311
it is called the shoulder tick or black legged tick=
Ixodes scapularis
312
example of 2 host tick=
R. evertsi
313
white spot disease (ICH) of fish is very common in aquaria and is caused by=
Ichthyophthirius multifilis
314
what is your suspected cause of infection when a herd of cattle has a history of early abortion, cows returning to service and failure of animals to become pregnant except after repeated service=
Trichomonas foetus.
315
Treatment for amoebiasis/ giardiasis=
metronidazole
316
microsporidian protozoa is caused of “neon tetra disease” of aquarium species=
Pleistophora hyphessobrycornis
317
myxosporidium protozoa cause “black tail”, whirling disease in=
salmonids
318
coenurus cerebralis ([Taenia multiceps] [Taenia serialis])
The definitive hosts for Taenia multiceps and T. serialis are members of the family Canidae. Many canids can serve as definitive hosts for T. multiceps, but only dogs and foxes can serve as hosts for T. serialis. Sheep are a common intermediate host for T. multiceps, and rabbits for T. serialis, although many other herbivorous species can also serve as intermediate hosts
319
thin sow syndrome=
Hyostrongylus rubidus
320
Dipylidium caninum= life cycle?
Gravid proglottids are passed intact in the feces or emerge from the perianal region of the host image . In the environment, the proglottids disintegrate and release egg packets, which are also occasionally found free in the feces image . The intermediate host (most often larval stages of the dog or cat flea Ctenocephalides spp.) ingests egg packets, and the oncosphere within is released into the larval flea’s intestine. The oncosphere penetrates the intestinal wall, invades the insect’s hemocoel (body cavity), and develops into a cysticercoid image . The cysticercoid remains in the flea as it matures from a larva into an adult image . The vertebrate host becomes infected by ingesting the adult flea containing the cysticercoid image . In the small intestine of the vertebrate host, the cysticercoid develops into the adult tapeworm after about one month. The adult tapeworms (measuring up to 60 cm in length and 3 mm in width) reside in the small intestine of the host, where they each attach by their scolex image . Gravid, double-pored proglottids detach from the strobila (body) and are shed in the feces.
Humans also acquire infection by ingesting the cysticercoid contaminated flea. Children are most frequently infected, possibly due to close contact with flea-infested pets image .
321
number of sarcoptes female feet-
4-2( forelimb, hindlimb)
322
lesions of Demodex canis
ocalized lesions are alopecic, with erythema, comedones, scaling and/or seborrhoea, follicular papules and/or pustules, erosions/ulcers, crusts and are located on the head (particularly eyelids), ear pinnae and neck.
323
organs affected in generalized demodecosis-
spleen blood
324
clinical signs of hepatozoon in man-
Clinical signs are most severe with H. americanum infection and include depression, anorexia, fever, weight loss, hyperesthesia, and pallor. A neutrophilic leukocytosis and a nonregenerative anemia are the most common clinicopathologic findings.
325
Clasiification of hepatozoon canis-
zoonotic
326
clinical signs of sarcocystis in man
Two types of the disease can occur, one type causes diarrhea, mild fever, and vomiting (intestinal type, for example infection caused by S. hominis and S. suihominis), and the other type causes muscle pain, transitory edema, and fever (muscular type). Most people infected with Sarcocystis do not have symptoms.
327
species of capillaria in poultry and their predilection sites
....
328
strongyloides egg reason why it is transparent
........
329
Common fasciola in Philippines=
F. gigantica
330
what is the cause of death in pig with Macracanthorynchus infestation-
intestinal impaction or blood loss
331
Eimeria tenella-
cecum
332
how many eggs are laid by macracanthorynchus in one laying period
..
333
How many lice are laid in one month?
6 eggs per day daw so 1k+ in one month sabi ni google
334
what is the underlying cause of tick paralysis in bite of Rhipicephalus sp.-
neurotoxin
335
definition of vector
Vectors are living organisms that can transmit infectious pathogens between humans, or from animals to humans.
336
Presence of red mite of poultry in a modern broiler farm, what to do?=
check the cracks and crevices in the house
337
Trichinella confirmatory tests in human and animals
tyvelose ELSIA (ncbi.com)
338
Sarcocystis intermediate host
pigs and cows,
339
Sarcocystis intermediate host
pigs and cows,
340
In a parrot, you saw an external parasite. Which of the following can you readily eliminate? –
Anoplura (none is found in avians
341
You were sent to India to check the buffaloes to be imported. You saw mites found in the ears –
Psoregrates bos?
342
What fly can reproduced in the stream –
simulium
343
Mite found in the ears of dog –
Otodectes cyanotis
344
Ticks in reptiles can mostly be seen in –
a. between eyes?
b. Head?
c. Belly?
# choose the best nalang.
Ticks are usually found under the scales or in the nostrils of snakes. On lizards, they are commonly seen near the vent or in the nostrils. Ticks usually attach to turtles near the vent, or in the soft skin under the shell in front of or in back of the legs.
345
Other name of yellow dog tick –
Haemyphysalis leachi leachi
346
An egg of a worm was found in camel. It is triangular in shape and can be found also in sheep –
Monieza expansa
347
Coccidia found that is found in the mid-intestine and the lesion is orange in color –
Eimeria maxima
348
Coccidia found in cecum –
Eimeria tenella
349
Coccidia found in the lower intestine -
Eimeria brunetti
350
Number of sporozoites of Isospora –
8 (2 sporozoites x 4 sporpcysts
351
Worm found in the eye of chicken –
Oxyspirura mansoni
352
Red worm found in the stomach of pig –
Hyostrongylus rubidus
353
An egg was seen upon fecalysis. It is described as being colorless, thick shelled, and embryonated. The egg was under the family of?
a. Strongylid?
b. Ascarid?
c. Trichuriid?
b. Ascarid
354
Parasite found in the blood of reptile?
Leishmania? (di ko alam yung ibang choices, never heard)
355
The worm that is being prevented by simply separating chicken from turkey –
Histomonas meleagridis
356
Surra is unique among other trypanosoma species because it can be transmitted by –
a. biting flies?
b. Mosquitoes
a. biting flies/ horseflies and vampire bats (sciencedirect)
kasi, bugs ang transmitter ng ibang trypanosomes
357
Deworming of cattle against threadworm is administered as early as –
3 months
358
Frog can be an intermediate host of which of the following genus?
a. Platynosomum?
b. Echinochasmus?
a. Platynosomum
359
Faciola of elephant –
Fasciola jacksoni
360
Man can be infected with strongyloides thru –
skin penetration
361
Milk spot in liver –
ascariasis
362
Larval stage of heartworm found in the pulmonary artery?
A. L3?
B. L4?
C. L5?
A. L3
363
Increase incidence of worm infestation in human was correlated to increase eating of raw fish. What could be the worm in suspect?
Diphyllobothrium latum
364
Itch of fresh water fish -
I. multifilis
365
Elongated sporocyst –
Haemoproteus columbae
366
Infective cyst in toxoplasma? –
A. bradyzoite?
B. Tachyzoite?
A. bradyzoite
367
Mosquito that transmit Dirofilaria –
Anopheles and Culex
368
Mosquito that transmit malaria in avian -
Culicine
369
Which best differentiate fasciola gigantica from fasciola hepatica? (parang ganito yung choices, pero di sure)
a. Neck, color and reproductive organ
b. Neck, color, size and reproductive organ
c. Neck, color and size
d. Neck and size
