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Parasitology Flashcards

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1
Q

What do you call the organisms that live ___ or _____ other living organisms, at whose expense they _____ some advantage

A
  • parasite
  • on
  • in
  • gain
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2
Q

• Any organism in which the parasite lives

A

•Host

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3
Q

A relationship in which one species of organism lives on or within another organism, with the parasite living at the expense and often causing harm to the host

A

•Parasitism

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4
Q

The association of two different species in which the ________ species lives on or within the other and has a ________on the ______ host species

A

Parasitism
- smaller
- metabolic dependence
- larger

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5
Q

Damage to Host:
*________ - tissue and organ damage
* ______- parasite-induced enzyme activity
*_______ - eosinophilia, local inflammation
*______ - heavy infection causing anemia
*________- immunocompromised host

A

Trauma
Lytic action
Tissue response
Blood loss
Secondary infections

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6
Q

At what EXPENSE does the host encounter when the parasite causes harm

  • _______ or _______ abode
  • Stimulate an ______ response
  • Rob the host of ______
A
  • Permanent, temporary
  • immune
  • nutrition
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7
Q

What type of parasite where it visits its host for short period of time? Give example

A

Temporary or partial
- adult dog flea

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8
Q

What do type of parasite that leads a parasitic life throughout the whole period of its life? Give example

A

Permanent or total
- trichina worm

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9
Q

T OR F: the advantage of ectoparasite is they are safe from host immune system and easy dispersal

A

T

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10
Q

A type of parasite that lives when opportunity rises? Give example

A

Facultative or optional
- ancylostoma

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10
Q

T OR F: one of the disadvantage of ectoparasite is they are vulnerability to natural enemies

A

T

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11
Q

A type of parasite that cannot exist without a parasitic life? Example

A

Obligatory or compulsory
- taenia solium

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11
Q

T OR F: one of the disadvantage of ectoparasite is exposure to external environment, feeding more difficult

A

T

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12
Q

type of parasite that lives outside or on the surface of the host? Example

A

Ectoparasite or ectozoa
- lice

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12
Q

T OR F: dispersal is more difficult in ectoparasite?

A

F

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13
Q

Type of parasite that lives inside the body of the host? Example

A

Endoparasite or endozoa
- taenia saginaia

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13
Q

T OR F: endoparasites are vulnerable to host immune system?

A

T

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14
Q

What do you call a parasite that appear on unusual hosts?

A

Incidental

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14
Q

T OR F: endoparasites have hard time in feeding and they are not safe from natural enemies?

A

F

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15
Q

What do you call when a sheep liver fluke lives in cats or dogs?

A

Incidental

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15
Q

it is the invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism (except arthropods) with accompanying reactions of the host tissues to the presence of parasite

A

infection

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16
Q

A parasite that occasionally found in unusual locations in the host?

A

Erratic or aberrant

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16
Q

it is the establishment of arthropods on or within the host. give examples

A

infestation
- ticks
- insects
- mites

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17
Q

Ascaris found in liver instead of intestines

A

Erratic or aberrant

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17
a type of host that harbors a parasite in the ________ or where the parasite undergoes reproduction
definitive or final host - adult stage
18
They are parasites that have been swallowed and merely passes along the GIT of humans without establishment and exits via anus (feces)?
Coprozoic (spurious)
18
a type of host that harbors at larval stage or an asexual cycle of development takes place
intermediate host
19
a host where the parasite reaches sexual maturity and produces
definitive or final host
20
a host where some parasite develop in host but does not reach sexual maturity
intermediate host
21
a host that serves as a temporary refuge or vehicle for reaching an obligatory host
paratenic or transport host
22
a host that has no parasitic development
paratenic or transport host
23
a host that makes the parasite available for the transmission to another host
reservoir host
24
non-human animals that serve as sources of infection to human
reservoir host
25
not a normal host for the specific parasite
accidental host
26
a host that is naturally infected with certain species of parasite
natural host
27
it is the natural adaptability of a species of the parasite to a certain species or group of host.
host specificity
28
a degree to which a parasite species occur in associate with a host species
host specificity
29
certain parasites are ONLY able to infect a host
high host specificity
30
give example of high host specificity
pork tapeworm or taenia solium
31
certain parasite MAY BE able to infect a host
low host specificity
32
example of low host specificity
trichina worm or trichinella spiralis
33
T OR F: undercooked meals, walking barefoot are common sources of parasite infection
T
34
T OR F: contaminated water, mosquitos, pets, washed fruits and vegetables are are common sources of parasite infection
F (unwashed)
35
T OR F: travelling to third world countries can cause parasitic infection
T
36
What are the modes of infection
- filth-borne or contaminative - soil or water borne - food borne - arthropod borne
37
personal hygiene and community sanitation lacking
filth borne or contaminative
38
T OR F: infectious stages remain viable to long periods in contaminated soil
T
39
soil or water can contain ______
eggs
40
T OR F: larvae can penetrate skin of bare feet or enter skin in infested water
T
41
inadequately cooked meats
food borne
42
it is the most difficult infection to control
arthropod borne
43
T OR F: congenital infections and sexual transmission is a possible way of acquiring parasitic infections
T
44
T OR F: you can not be infected through inhalation of dust carrying infective parasite
F (inhalation is possible)
45
a disease transmission which NOT ONLY transports a pathogen but ALSO PLAY a role in the life cycle of the pathogen. EXAMPLE
Biological vector - mosquito
46
a disease transmission that ONLY transports a pathogen. EXAMPLE
mechanical vector - fly
47
What are the common specimens used to detect parasites
natural secretions (stool, sputum, urine) blood
48
what type of specimen is used to detect malaria?
blood specimen
49
natural secretion is used to detect _________ parasites
lumen-dwelling
50
T OR F: life cycle of a parasite ranges from simple to complex
T
51
T OR FALSE: a parasite life cycle only involves one host?
F (involves one or more host)
52
C OR T: it is dormant and in survival stage
cyst
53
C OR T: they are motile in which they feed, multiply, and maintain colony in the host
trophozoite
54
C OR T: infective stage
cyst
55
C OR T: vegetative stage
trophozoite
56
C OR T: they are immobile protected by _____ formed by the parasite
Cyst - resistant walll
57
simple or complex life cycle: human is the definitive host
simple
58
Diagnostic or Infective stage: the stage at which parasites is capable of entering and continuing development within the host
infective stage
59
simple or complex life cycles: development stage is seen INSIDE the host
complex
60
Diagnostic or Infective stage: developmental stage of a parasite that can be detected in human body secretions
diagnostic stage
61
wormlike invertebrates
metazoan helminthes
62
state the phylum and class: roundworms (body round in cross-section)
Phylum Nemathelminthes
63
what phylum are flatworms?
Phylum Platyhelminthes
64
what phylum and class are tapeworms (body flattened and segmented)
Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Cestoda
65
what phylum and class are trematodes and flukes (body flattened, leaf-shaped and non-segmented)
Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Digenea
66
unicellular eukaryotic microorganism
protozoan
67
what phylum and class are organisms that move by means of PSEUDOPODIA
Phylum Sarcomastigophora Class Lobosea
68
what phylum and class are organisms that move by means of FLAGELLA
Phylum Sarcomastigophora Class Zoomastigophorea
69
what phylum and class are organisms that move by means of CILIA
Phylum Ciliophora Class Kinetofragminophora
70
what phylum and class are organisms with both sexual and asexual reproductive cysts
Phylum Apicomplexa Class Sporozea
71
possess a hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages
arthropods
72
what phylum and class are fleas, mosquitos, bugs, lice
Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta
73
what phylum and class are ticks and mites
Phylum Arthropoda Class Arachnida

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