PARASITOLOGY Flashcards
(166 cards)
1
Q
one in which the sexual cycle occurs or the adult is present
A
DEFINITIVE HOST
2
Q
one in which the asexual cycle occurs or the larva is present.
A
INTERMEDIATE HOST
3
Q
In some helminthic infections, humans are ____
A
DEAD END HOSTS
4
Q
the larval form in the human is not transmitted to other humans or animals
A
DEAD END HOST
5
Q
actively motile, feeding, reproducing form
A
TROPHOZITE
6
Q
nonmotile, nonmetabolizing, nonreproducing form surrounded by a thick wall.
A
CYST
7
Q
cyst turns into ____ after entering the host
A
trophozite
8
Q
seen in the environment
A
cyst
9
Q
Certain protozoa, such as Leishmania and Trypanosoma, have flagellated forms called ____ or ____
A
promastigotes or trypomastigotes
10
Q
non-flagellated forms
A
amastigotes
11
Q
Transmission of the intestinal protozoa typically occurs by
A
ingestion of cysts
from contaminated water or food
12
Q
Transmission of the blood protozoa occurs via
A
insect vectors
13
Q
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA
- The cyst has four nuclei, an important diagnostic criterion.
- Cysts (ingested form) → Within the intestine → produces trophozoites
- Clinical findings:
o **Amebic dysentery **
o Amebic abscess of the liver
A
ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
14
Q
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
cyst has how many nuclei
A
4
15
Q
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
important diagnostic criterion
A
cyst w/ 4 nuclei
16
Q
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
diarrhea, bloody stool, intestinal tract
A
amebic dysentry
17
Q
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
has pus that contains trophozites
A
amebic abscess of the liver
18
Q
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
DOC
A
metronidazole (Flagyl)
tinidazole
19
Q
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA
- “Old man’s eyeglasses”
- Clinical findings:
o Watery (nonbloody), foul-smelling diarrhea
o Trophozoite causes inflammation of the duodenal mucosa, leading to malabsorption of protein and fat.
A
GIARDIA LAMBLIA
20
Q
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | GIARDIA LAMBLIA
other name
A
old man’s eyeglasses
21
Q
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | GIARDIA LAMBLIA
foul-smelling diarrhea can produce ____
(rotten egg odor)
A
H2S
22
Q
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | GIARDIA LAMBLIA
excessive fat in feces
A
steatorrhea
23
Q
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | GIARDIA LAMBLIA
Trophozoite causes inflammation of the duodenal mucosa, leading to malabsorption of ____ and ____
A
protein & fat
24
Q
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | GIARDIA LAMBLIA
Trophozoite causes inflammation of the ____, leading to malabsorption of protein and fat
A
duodenal mucosa
25
# **INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | GIARDIA LAMBLIA**
DOC
Tinidazole (Tindamax)
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
26
# **INTESTINAL PROTOZOA**
* **Oocysts ingestion**
* **Cryptosporidiosis**, the **main symptom** of which is **diarrhea**.
* The diarrhea is **most severe** in **immunocompromised** patients (e.g., those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [**AIDS**]).
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS
27
# **INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS**
cyst with **zygote**
oocyst
28
# **INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS**
disease
cryptosporidiosis
29
# **INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS**
main symptom of **cryptosporidiosis**
diarrhea
30
# **INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS**
diarrhea is **most severe** in
immunocompromised
31
# **INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS**
DOC
nitazoxanide
32
# **UROGENITAL PROTOZOA**
* **Only exists as a trophozoite**
* **Sexually transmitted**
* **Women**, - watery, foul-smelling, **greenish vaginal discharge** accompanied by **itching** and **burning** occurs.
* **Men** - **asymptomatic**, but about **10%** of infected men have **urethritis**.
TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS
33
# **UROGENITAL PROTOZOA | TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS**
DISEASE
TRICHOMONIASIS
34
# **UROGENITAL PROTOZOA | TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS**
exist as
only as trophozoite
35
# **UROGENITAL PROTOZOA | TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS**
symptoms in **women**
watery, foul smelling, greenish vaginal discharge w itching & burning
36
# **UROGENITAL PROTOZOA | TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS**
symptoms in **men**
asymptomatic
37
# **UROGENITAL PROTOZOA | TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS**
about **10%** of **infected men** have ____
urethritis
38
# **UROGENITAL PROTOZOA | TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS**
DOC
TINIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE
39
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA**
* **Malaria**
* Vector: **female anopheles mosquito**
plasmodium
40
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
DISEASE
MALARIA
41
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
**malaria** is caused by how many plasmodia
4
42
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
**4 plasmodia** that causes **malaria**
vivax
ovale
malariae
falciparum
43
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
can form dormant in **LIVER** are called
hypnozoite
44
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
plasmodia that can form **dormant** in **liver**
| (**hypnozoite**)
vivax
ovale
45
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
most **dangerous**/most **pathogenic**
falciparum
46
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
**vector** and **definitive host**
female anopheles mosquito
47
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
**asexual** reproduction is called
schizogony
48
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
cycle that happens **outside** the **RBC** (in the **liver**)
exo erythrocytic cycle
49
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
**rupture** releases ____
merozoites
50
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
cycle that happens inside **RBC**
erythrocytic cycle
51
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
**once bitten** by mosquito, it will acquire
gametocytes
52
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
cycle in **mosquito**
sporogonic cycle
53
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
presents with **abrupt** onset of **fever** and **chills**, accompanied by **headache**, **myalgias**, and **arthralgias**
malaria
54
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
**Untreated** malaria caused by P. **falciparum** is potentially **life-threatening** as a result of ____ and ____ damage.
extensive **brain** (**cerebral** malaria)
**kdiney** (**blackwater** fever)
55
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
drug that is **first used in malaria**
quinine
56
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
DOC
chloroquine
57
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
DOC for **erythrocytic** stage
chloroquine / quinine
58
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
DOC for **exoerythrocytic** stage
primaquine
59
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
DOC for **gametogamy** stage
quinine / primaquine
60
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
prophylaxis
cholorquine / doxycycline
61
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
patients **resistant** to malaria
* sickle cell anemia
* G6PD deficiency
* black people
62
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM**
**radical cure** of malaria
| **targets** both **active** & **dormant** form
| primaquine
63
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA**
* Transmission: **ingestion** of cysts, **transplacental** transmission
* Congenital infection - during **pregnancy**.
o Can result in **abortion**, **stillbirth**, or **neonatal** disease with **encephalitis**, **chorioretinitis**, and **hepatosplenomegaly**. **Fever**, **jaundice**, and **intracranial calcifications** are also seen
TOXOPLASMA
64
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TOXOPLASMA**
transmission
ingestion of cysts
transplacental (vertical)
65
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TOXOPLASMA**
leading cause of **blindness** in children
congenital infection
66
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TOXOPLASMA**
DOC
sulfadiazine
pyrimethamine
67
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA**
* Vector: **Reduviid bug (kissing bug)**
* Trypomastigotes → **Amastigotes** (**heart** muscle and **neural** tissues)
* **Chaga’s disease**
TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI
68
69
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI**
VECTOR
reduviid bug (kissing bug)
70
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI**
also cause
american sleeping sickness
71
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI**
**Myocarditis** and **megacolon**
chronic chaga's disease
72
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI**
**facial edema** and a **nodule** (**chagoma**) **near the bite**; **Romana’s sign**
acute chaga's disease
73
73
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI**
DOC
nifurtimox
74
75
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA**
* Vector: **tsetse fly bites**
* **Enlargement** of the **posterior cervical lymph nodes** (**Winterbottom’s sign**) is commonly seen.
* The encephalitis is characterized initially by headache, insomnia, and mood changes, followed by muscle tremors, slurred speech, and apathy that progress to **somnolence** and **coma**.
TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE & TRYPANOSOMA RHODASIENSE
76
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE & RHODASIENSE**
vector
tsetse fly bites
77
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE & RHODASIENSE**
can also cause ____
**encephalitis** can cause **coma**
african sleeping sickness
77
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE & RHODASIENSE**
DOC
suramin
78
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE & RHODASIENSE**
**suramin** should be given ____
before encephalitis occurs
79
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA**
* Vector: Phlebotomus sandfly
* Promastigotes → (infects) Macrophages → Amastigotes (**spreads** to different tissues; infects **reticuloendothelial** system, **spleen**, **bone marrow**)
LEISHMANIA
80
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | LEISHMANIA**
vector
phlebotomus sandlfy
81
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | LEISHMANIA**
**kala-azar** (**visceral leishmaniasis**); **enlargement** of **spleen** and **hyperpigmentation** of the **skin**
leishmania donovani
82
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | LEISHMANIA**
DOC for **leishmania donovani**
liposomal amphotericin B
sodim stibogluconate
83
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | LEISHMANIA**
**cutaneous** leishmaniasis
leishmania tropica & L. mexicana
84
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE & RHODASIENSE**
**enlargement** of the **posterior cervical lymph nodes** is called
winterbottom's sign
85
# **BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | LEISHMANIA**
**mucocutaneous** leishmaniasis
leishmania braziliensis
86
# **MINOR PROTOZOA**
* **free-living amebas** that cause **meningoencephalitis**
* The organisms are found in **warm freshwater lakes** and in **soil**
* **immunocompromised**
ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANII
NAEGLERIA FOWLERI
87
# **MINOR PROTOZOA**
* causes **babesiosis**
* Transmitted by the bite of the **tick Ixodes **
* Infects **red blood cells**, causing them to **lyse**
* **Intraerythrocytic ring-shaped trophozoites** are often in **tetrads** in the form of a **Maltese cross**
* **no** exoerythrocytic stage
BABESIA MICROTI
88
# **MINOR PROTOZOA | BABESIA MICROTI**
vector
ixodes tick
89
# **MINOR PROTOZOA | BABESIA MICROTI**
infects
RBC, causes them to lyse
90
# **MINOR PROTOZOA | BABESIA MICROTI**
**Intraerythrocytic ring-shaped trophozoites** are often in **tetrads** in the form of a
maltese cross
91
# **MINOR PROTOZOA**
* is the **only ciliated protozoan** that **causes human disease**
* causes **dysentery** - bloody diarrhea
BALANTIDIUM COLI
92
# **MINOR PROTOZOA**
an **intestinal protozoan** that causes **watery diarrhea** in **both** **immunocompetent** and **immunocompromised** individuals.
CYCLOSPORA CAYETANENSIS
93
# **MINOR PROTOZOA**
**severe**, **persistent**, **watery** diarrhea in **AIDS** patients
MICROSPORIDIA
94
Many **helminths** have a **life cycle** that **progresses** from ____ to ____ to ____
egg to larva to adult
95
# **HELMINTHS**
transmission
ingestion of eggs
penetration of skin
insect bite
96
* Has a **cylindrical body** and a **complete digestive tract**, including a **mouth** and an **anus**.
* have **separate sexes**
nematodes
97
**nematodes** are also called as
roundworms
98
99
# c
* Eggs (SI) → larvae → adults → **colon**
* At night, the **female migrates** from the **anus** and **releases** thousands of **fertilized eggs** on the **perianal skin** (**Perinatal pruritus**)
* Dx: **Scotch tape technique**
ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS
100
# **NEMATODES | ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS**
is also called
pinworm
101
# **NEMATODES | ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS**
where male & female **mate**
colon
102
# **NEMATODES | ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS**
DOC
albendazole
mebendazole
pyrantel
pamoate
103
# **NEMATODES | ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS**
Diagnosis
scotch tape technique
104
# **NEMATODES**
* Eggs (SI) → larvae → immature adults → colon → mate, and produce thousands of fertilized eggs
* May cause **diarrhea**, but **most infections** are **asymptomatic**.
* May also cause **rectal prolapse** in **children** with **heavy infection**.
TRICHURIS TRICHURIA
105
# **NEMATODES | TRICHURIS TRICHURIA**
is also called
whipworm
106
# **NEMATODES | TRICHURIS TRICHURIA**
may cause
diarrhea
107
# **NEMATODES | TRICHURIS TRICHURIA**
**most** infections are
asymptomatic
108
# **NEMATODES | TRICHURIS TRICHURIA**
* may also cause ____with **heavy infection**
* **too many eggs** causes **rectum to go down the anus**
rectal prolapse
109
# **NEMATODES | TRICHURIS TRICHURIA**
DOC
albendazole
110
# **NEMATODES**
* Eggs (small intestine) → larvae → **gut wall** → **bloodstream** → **lungs**
* Most infections are **asymptomatic**.
* **Ascaris pneumonia** with fever, cough, and **eosinophilia** can occur with a **heavy larval burden**.
ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES
111
# **NEMATODES | ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES**
most infections are
asymptomatic
112
# **NEMATODES | ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES**
DISEASE:
____ with fever, cough, and **eosinophilia** can occur with a **heavy larval burden**.
ASCARIS PNEUMONIA
113
# **NEMATODES | ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES**
DOC
albendazole
mebendazole
ivermectin
114
# **NEMATODES**
**Old** World hookworm
ANYCLOSTOMA DUODENALE
115
# **NEMATODES**
**New** World hookworm
NECATOR AMERICANUS
116
# **NEMATODES**
* Humans are infected when **filariform larvae** in **moist soil** **penetrate the skin**, usually of the **feet** or **legs**
* The **major damage** is due to the **loss of blood** at the **site of attachment** in the **small intestine**
* “**Ground itch**,” a **pruritic papule** or **vesicle**
ANYCLOSTOMA & NECATOR
117
# **NEMATODES | ANYCLOSTOMA & NECATOR**
Humans are **infected** when ____ in **moist soil penetrate the skin**, usually of the **feet** or **legs**
FILARIFORM LARVAE
118
# **NEMATODES | ANYCLOSTOMA & NECATOR**
a **pruritic papule** or **vesicle**
GROUND ITCH
119
# **NEMATODES | ANYCLOSTOMA & NECATOR**
DOC
albendazole
mebendazole
pyrantel pamoate
120
# **NEMATODES**
* Humans are infected when **filariform larvae** in **moist soil** **penetrate the skin**, usually of the **feet** or **legs**
* Clinical findings:
o **Pneumonia**
o **Watery diarrhea**
o **Ground itch**
STRONGYLOIDES STERCOLARIS
121
# **NEMATODES | STRONGYLOIDES STERCOLARIS**
is also called as
HUMAN THREADWORM
122
# **NEMATODES | STRONGYLOIDES STERCOLARIS**
CLINICAL FINDINGS
pneumonia
watery diarrhea
ground itch
123
# **NEMATODES | STRONGYLOIDES STERCOLARIS**
DOC
IVERMECTIN
124
# **NEMATODES**
* Humans are infected by eating **raw or undercooked meat** **containing larvae**
* Characterized by **diarrhea** followed **1 to 2 weeks later** by **fever**, **muscle pain,** **periorbital edema**, and **eosinophilia**.
TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS
125
# **NEMATODES | TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS**
is also called as
PORK WORM
126
# **NEMATODES | TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS**
humans are infected by
eating raw or uncooked meat containg larvae
127
# **NEMATODES | TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS**
DOC
mebendazole (early infection)
128
# **BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES**
* Vector: **mosquito** → **larvae** into the **bloodstream**
* larvae penetrate the skin, enter a lymph node, and, after 1 year, mature to adults that produce **microfilariae**
* Adult worms in the lymph nodes cause **inflammation** that eventually **obstructs the lymphatic vessels**, causing **edema**. **Massive edema** of the **legs** is called **elephantiasis**
WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI
129
# **BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI**
larvae penetrate the skin, enter a lymph node, and, **after 1 year**, **mature to adults** that **produce** ____
microfilariae (adult worm)
130
# **BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI**
early infection
asymptomatic
131
# **BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI**
**Adult worms** in the lymph nodes cause **inflammation** that eventually **obstructs the lymphatic vessels** causing ____
edema
132
# **BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI**
**massive edema** of the **legs** is called
elephantiasis
133
# **BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI**
**elephantiasis** is also known as
filariasis
134
# **BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI**
DOC
diethylcarbamazine
135
# **BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES**
* Vector: **Female black fly** → larvae → **SC** tissues
* It causes **River blindness** (**Onchocerciasis**)
ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS
136
# **BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS**
vector
female black fly
137
# **BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS**
disease
river blindness
138
# **BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS**
DOC
ivermectin
139
# **BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES**
* Vector: **Deer fly** (**mango fly**) → skin
* A **hypersensitivity reaction** causes **transient**, **localized**, **non- erythematous**, **subcutaneous** edema (**Calabar swellings**).
LOA LOA
140
# **BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | LOA LOA**
VECTOR
DEER FLY (MANGO FLY)
141
# **BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | LOA LOA**
disease
calabar swelling
142
# **PLATYHELMINTHS (FLATWORMS)**
consist of **two main parts**:
* A **rounded head** called a **scolex** and a **flat body** consisting of **multiple segments**.
* **Each segment** is called a **proglottid**.
TAPEWORM
143
# **TAPEWORMS**
A **rounded head** called a
scolex
144
# **TAPEWORMS**
**Each segment** is called a
proglottid
145
# **TAPEWORMS**
**oldest**; **very first** proglottid; found at the **end**; contains **many eggs**
gravid proglottid
146
# **TAPEWORMS**
* **PORK TAPEWORM**
* **undercooked pork**
* **neurocysticerosis**
* DOC: **Praziquantel**
TAENIA SOLIUM
147
# **TAPEWORMS**
* **BEEF TAPEWORM**
* **undercooked beef**
* DOC: **Praziquantel**
TAENIA SAGINATA
148
# **TAPEWORMS**
* **FISH TAPEWORM**
* **undercooked fish**
* INTERMEDIATE HOSTS: **Copepods** & **fish**
* **steals Vitamin B12** from the host
* B12 - **Cobalamine** causes **megaloblastic anemia**
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM
149
# **TAPEWORMS**
* **DOG TAPEWORM**
* INTERMEDIATE HOST: **sheep**
* **hydatid cysts** (filled sac)
* can rupture - will cause **anaphylactic shock**
* should be **surgically removed**
ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS
150
# **TREMATODES (FLUKES)**
* The **female** **resides** in a **groove in the male**, the **canal** (“**schist**”), where he continuously fertilizes her eggs (they **grow together**; **reside together**)
* miracidia (larvae) → snail → cercaria → humans
* Most of the pathologic findings are caused by the **presence of eggs** in the **liver**, **spleen**, or **wall** of the **gut** or **bladder**.
* Eggs in the liver **induce granulomas**, which lead to **fibrosis**, **hepatomegaly**, and **portal hypertension**.
SCHISTOSOMA
151
# **TREMATODES (FLUKES) | SCHISTOSOMA**
also known as
blood flukes
152
# **TREMATODES (FLUKES) | SCHISTOSOMA**
* a larva that can **infect the snails**
* can be found in **lakes**, **river**
miracidia
153
# **TREMATODES (FLUKES) | SCHISTOSOMA**
affects the **colon**
S. mansoni
154
# **TREMATODES (FLUKES) | SCHISTOSOMA**
affects **small intestine**, **liver**
S. japonicum
155
# **TREMATODES (FLUKES) | SCHISTOSOMA**
affects **urinary bladder**
S. haematobium
156
# **TREMATODES (FLUKES) | SCHISTOSOMA**
DOC
praziquantel
157
# **OTHER TREMATODES**
Transmission: Ingested with **raw fish**
CLONORCHIS SINENSIS
158
# **OTHER TREMATODES | CLONORCHIS SINENSIS**
is also called
CHINESE LIVER FLUKE
159
# **OTHER TREMATODES**
* Transmission: **raw** or **undercooked crab meat** (or **crayfish**)
* immature flukes → intestinal wall and migrate →diaphragm into the **lung parenchyma.** (causes **cough** with **bloody sputum**)
PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI
160
# **OTHER TREMATODES | PARAGOMINUS WESTERMANI**
is also known as
HUMAN LUNG FLUKE
161
# **OTHER TREMATODES**
Humans are infected by eating **watercress**
FASCIOLA HEPATICA
162
# **OTHER TREMATODES | FASCIOLA HEPATICA**
is also known as
SHEEP LIVER FLUKE
163
# **OTHER TREMATODES**
Humans are infected by eating **aquatic vegetation** that **carries the cysts**
FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI
164
# **OTHER TREMATODES | FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI**
is also known as
GIANT INTESTINAL FLUKE
