Parasitology Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
Depending on the site of infection, what do you call a free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract with infecting the host?
A
Spurious parasite
2
Q
Presence of an ectoparasite connotes ______.
A
Infestation
3
Q
Presence of an endoparasite connotes ______.
A
Infection
3
Q
It is considered as the most invasive parasite among the Entamoebas.
A
Entamoeba hystolytica
4
Q
The type of host that allows the life cycle to continue and become additional source of human infection. A. Definitive B. Intermediate C. Reservoir D. Paratenic
A
C. Reservoir
5
Q
The type of host that acts a means of transport so that the infective stage reaches its final host. A. Definitive B. Intermediate C. Reservoir D. Paratenic
A
D. Paratenic
6
Q
This intestinal amoeba is a harmless inhabitant and is differentiated from E. hystolytica by the presence of a cyst with whisk broom ends and a trophozoite with a dirty cytoplasm.
A
Entamoeba coli
7
Q
The period between the time of parasitic injection and the demonstration of infection.
A
Pre-patent period (Biological)
8
Q
Enumerate the 3 virulence factors of E. hystolytica.
A
Gal/GalNac lectin (adherence)
Amebapores (penetration, stimulates IL-8)
Cysteine protease (cytopathic effect)
9
Q
Intestinal amoeba that highly stains with iodine due to its large glycogen vacuole contained in its cyst.
A
Iodamoeba bustchlii
10
Q
Intestinal amoeba that is transmitted through direct kissing and sharing utensils. Pathognomonic finding is a trophozoite with ingested WBC.
A
Entamoeba gingivalis
11
Q
Free-living amoeba that is the causative agent of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis.
A
Acanthamoeba
12
Q
Give the 2 most common complications of Amoebic colitis.
A
Perforation, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
13
Q
DOC for the cyst carrier state of E. hystolytica
A
Diloxanide furoate
14
Q
Intestinal flagellate with a characteristic kite-like or falling-leaf motility.
A
Giardia lamblia
15
Q
Opportunistic intestinal protozoa with a monoxenous life cycle.
A
Cryptosporidium parvum
16
Q
What is the infective stage of all intestinal amoeba?
A
Cyst
17
Q
Urogenital protozoa that exists only as a trophozoite with 4 flagella and an anteriorly placed nucleus.
A
Trichomonas vaginalis
18
Q
The immature cyst of this intestinal amoeba contains a cigar/sausage-shaped chromatoidal body.
A
Entamoeba hystolytica
19
Q
DOC of Cryptosporidium in immunocompromised patients.
A
Spiramycin
20
Q
The largest protozoan parasite.
A
Balantidium coli
21
Q
Differentiate the ulcer produced in amoebic dysentery vs bacillary dysentery.
A
Amoebic: flask-shaped
Bacillary: round, wide-based
22
Q
DOC for most coccidian infections.
A
TMP-SMX
23
Q
Coccidian with cyanobacterium-like body.
A
Cyclospora cayetanensis
24
Vector of Plasmodium falciparum transmission.
Anopheles minimus var flavirostris
25
Diagnostic stage of malarial infection.
Trophozoite
26
Free-living amoeba that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
Naegleria fowleri
27
Most frequent symptom of Trichomonas infection in men? women?
M: asymptomatic
F: vaginal discharge
28
Previously known as the Leningrad's curse and is otherwise known as traveler's diarrhea and gay bowel syndrome.
Giardiasis/Lambliasis
29
What do you call the dormant, exo-erythrocytic form of plasmodium that is responsible for its relapse?
Hypnozoite
30
Recrudescence due to undetectable asexual parasitemia is seen in which 2 plasmodium species?
P. falciparum, P. malariae
31
Malarial dots: Punctate granulations in P. ovale and P. vivax.
Schuffner dots
32
Malarial dots: Fine granulations in P. malariae.
Ziemann dots
33
Malarial dots: Coarse granulations in P. falciparum
Maurer dots
34
What do you call the type of Toxoplasma trophozoite that is rapidly, formed during acute infections?
Tachyzoite
35
Areas of high-malarial endemicity
PIKA: Palawan, Ifugao, Kalinga-Apayao, Agusan del Sur
36
DOC for prophylaxis in areas with MDR P. falciparum
Doxycycline
37
The complete cycle of Toxoplasma gondii occurs in ____.
Domestic cats
38
What do you call the encysted form of Toxoplasma trophozoite that is slowly-formed during chronic/asymptomatic infections?
Bradyzoite
39
The infective stage of all Trypanosoma species.
Metacyclic trypomastigote
40
In shellfish poisoning syndromes caused by dinoflagellates, what toxin is responsible for short-term memory loss and seizures?
Domoic acid
41
DOC for American trypanosomiasis
Nifurtimox
42
This sign is seen in chronic sleeping sickness caused by T. brucei and is characterized by severe pain on pressure of palms of hands.
Kerandel's sign
43
In shellfish poisoning syndromes caused by dinoflagellates, what toxin causes facial paresthesias, slurred speech and ataxia?
Brevetoxin
44
Tissue protozoan that causes cutaneous or oriental sore
Leishmania tropica
45
Pathognomonic symptom in Leishmania donovani infections.
Fever with twice daily elevations
46
Espundia lesions + Tapir lesions + Chiclero ulcer are all seen in this tissue protozoan infection.
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (T. braziliensis)
47
DOC for all infections caused by Cestodes
Praziquantel
48
Diagnostic stage of Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid cyst
49
Megaloblastic anemia is seen this cestode infection.
Diphyllobothriasis
50
Schistosoma species: prominent lateral spine
S. mansoni
52
What is the method of choice of diagnosing Schistosoma sp. infection in the Philippines?
Circumoval precipitin test
54
Most common and most important site of E. granulosus infection.
Liver
55
What is the only human tapeworm that does not require an intermediate host to complete its life cycle?
Hymenolepis nana
56
DOC for Sleeping sickness with CNS invasion
Melarsoprol
57
In shellfish poisoning syndromes caused by dinoflagellates, what toxin causes total paralysis and respiratory failure?
Saxitoxin
58
Schistosoma species: Small lateral spine that looks like a knob
S. japonicum
59
Schistosoma species: has a terminal spine, making it look spindle-shaped
S. hematobium
60
The only trematode that is not a hermaphrodite.
Schistosoma sp.
61
Diagnostic stage of Paragonimus westermani
unembryonated egg
62
Infective stage of Schistosoma sp.
cercaria (note: they are the only trematodes without a metacercarial stage)
63
What is the most serious complication of P. westermani infection?
Cerebral cysticercosis
64
What is the most common heterophyid fluke in the Far East?
Metagonimus yokogawi (Yokogawa's fluke)
65
DOC for all infections caused by trematodes
Praziquantel
66
Large, leaf-shaped liver fluke that causes Halzoun
Fasciola hepatica
67
Otherwise known as the Giant intestinal fluke
Fasciolopsis buski
68
Pyriform, grayish intestinal fluke covered with scale-like spines that causes granulomatous lesions in the heart and brain and gastric inflammation mimicking peptic ulcer disease
Heterophyes heterophyes
69
All nematodes has the larvae as their infective stages except these 2 roundworms.
Ascaris and Trichuris (embryonated egg)
70
Which 3 nematodes are capable of autoinfection?
CES: Capillaria, Enterobius, Strongyloides
71
Adjunct to anti-parasitic treatment of patients with hookworm infections
Iron therapy (they usually present with microcytic anemia)
72
Differentiate the buccal spears of Necator and Ancylostoma.
Necator have dorsal and ventral cutting plates while Ancylostoma have 4 sharp tooth-like structures
73
Nematode: Kato-katz technique reveals a football/Japanese lantern/barrel-shaped egg with bipolar plugs
Trichuris trichiura
74
Nematode: Kato-katz technique reveals a peanut-shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs
Capillaria philippinensis
75
Smallest of intestinal nematodes
Strongyloides stercoralis
76
This nematode is capable of producing hyperinfection in immunocompromised hosts.
Strongyloides stercoralis
77
Diagnostic stage of Paragonimus westermani
unembryonated egg
78
Infective stage of Schistosoma sp.
cercaria (note: they are the only trematodes without a metacercarial stage)
79
What is the most serious complication of P. westermani infection?
Cerebral cysticercosis
80
What is the most common heterophyid fluke in the Far East?
Metagonimus yokogawi (Yokogawa's fluke)
81
DOC for all infections caused by trematodes
Praziquantel
82
Large, leaf-shaped liver fluke that causes Halzoun
Fasciola hepatica
83
Otherwise known as the Giant intestinal fluke
Fasciolopsis buski
84
Pyriform, grayish intestinal fluke covered with scale-like spines that causes granulomatous lesions in the heart and brain and gastric inflammation mimicking peptic ulcer disease
Heterophyes heterophyes
85
All nematodes has the larvae as their infective stages except these 2 roundworms.
Ascaris and Trichuris (embryonated egg)
86
Which 3 nematodes are capable of autoinfection?
CES: Capillaria, Enterobius, Strongyloides
87
Adjunct to anti-parasitic treatment of patients with hookworm infections
Iron therapy (they usually present with microcytic anemia)
88
Differentiate the buccal spears of Necator and Ancylostoma.
Necator have dorsal and ventral cutting plates while Ancylostoma have 4 sharp tooth-like structures
89
Nematode: Kato-katz technique reveals a football/Japanese lantern/barrel-shaped egg with bipolar plugs
Trichuris trichiura
90
Nematode: Kato-katz technique reveals a peanut-shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs
Capillaria philippinensis
91
Smallest of intestinal nematodes
Strongyloides stercoralis
92
This nematode is capable of producing hyperinfection in immunocompromised hosts.
Strongyloides stercoralis
93
Diagnostic stage of Paragonimus westermani
unembryonated egg
94
Infective stage of Schistosoma sp.
cercaria (note: they are the only trematodes without a metacercarial stage)
95
What is the most serious complication of P. westermani infection?
Cerebral cysticercosis
96
What is the most common heterophyid fluke in the Far East?
Metagonimus yokogawi (Yokogawa's fluke)
97
DOC for all infections caused by trematodes
Praziquantel
98
Large, leaf-shaped liver fluke that causes Halzoun
Fasciola hepatica
99
Otherwise known as the Giant intestinal fluke
Fasciolopsis buski
100
Pyriform, grayish intestinal fluke covered with scale-like spines that causes granulomatous lesions in the heart and brain and gastric inflammation mimicking peptic ulcer disease
Heterophyes heterophyes
101
All nematodes has the larvae as their infective stages except these 2 roundworms.
Ascaris and Trichuris (embryonated egg)
102
Which 3 nematodes are capable of autoinfection?
CES: Capillaria, Enterobius, Strongyloides
103
Adjunct to anti-parasitic treatment of patients with hookworm infections
Iron therapy (they usually present with microcytic anemia)
104
Differentiate the buccal spears of Necator and Ancylostoma.
Necator have dorsal and ventral cutting plates while Ancylostoma have 4 sharp tooth-like structures
105
Nematode: Kato-katz technique reveals a football/Japanese lantern/barrel-shaped egg with bipolar plugs
Trichuris trichiura
106
Nematode: Kato-katz technique reveals a peanut-shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs
Capillaria philippinensis
107
Smallest of intestinal nematodes
Strongyloides stercoralis
108
This nematode is capable of producing hyperinfection in immunocompromised hosts.
Strongyloides stercoralis
109
What is the most debilitating nematode infection?
Filiriasis
110
What is the only nematode that involves a migratory bird in its life cycle?
Capillaria philippinensis
111
DOC for pinworm infections
Pyrantel pamoate
112
DOC for threadworm infections
Ivermectin
113
What is the infective stage of W. bancrofti and B. malayi?
L3 larvae
114
What is the most common cause of parasitic meningitis?
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
115
What is the most debilitating nematode infection?
Filiriasis
116
What is the only nematode that involves a migratory bird in its life cycle?
Capillaria philippinensis
117
DOC for pinworm infections
Pyrantel pamoate
118
DOC for threadworm infections
Ivermectin
119
What is the infective stage of W. bancrofti and B. malayi?
L3 larvae
120
What is the most common cause of parasitic meningitis?
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
121
What is the most debilitating nematode infection?
Filiriasis
122
What is the only nematode that involves a migratory bird in its life cycle?
Capillaria philippinensis
123
DOC for pinworm infections
Pyrantel pamoate
124
DOC for threadworm infections
Ivermectin
125
What is the infective stage of W. bancrofti and B. malayi?
L3 larvae
126
What is the most common cause of parasitic meningitis?
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
127
The causative arthropod of scabies.
Sarcoptes scabei
128
Diagnostic stage of W. bancrofti and B. malayi.
Microfilariae
129
DOC for Filiriasis
Diethylcarbamazine
130
Visceral larva migrans in preschool children and ocular larva migrans in older children and young adults is caused by this dog roundworm.
Toxocara canis
