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Microbiology And Parasitology PLE > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Psuedopod-forming nonflagellated protozoa: brownian movement

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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2
Q

Entamoeba histolytica
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:

A

Infective stage: mature cyst

Diagnostic Stage: wet stool - trophozoite; solid stool - cysts

DOC: Diloxanide Furoate

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3
Q

Dysentery without fever

Flask-shaped colon ulcers

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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4
Q

Flagellate that lives in the small intestine

Falling leaf motility

A

Gardia Lamblia

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5
Q

Giardia Lamblia
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:

A

Infective stage: cysts
Diagnostic Stage: trophozoites, cysts
DOC: metronidazole

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6
Q

Acute: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, excessive flatus (rotten egg)
Chronic: constipation, weight loss and steatorrhea

A

Giardia Lamblia

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7
Q

Opportunistic intestinal protozoa
Undergoes schizogony and gametogony

Autoinfection in immunicompromised patients

Self-limited nonbloody diarrhea

A

Cryptosporidium Parvum

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8
Q

Cryptosporidium Parvum
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:

A

Infective stage: thick-walled oocysts
Diagnostic Stage: thick-walled oocysts
DOC: Nitazoxamide - immunocompetent; HAART - immunocompromised

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9
Q

Urogenital protozoan
Exists only as a trophozoite

Pear-shaped flagellated trophozoites

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

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10
Q

Trichomonas Vaginalis
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:

A

Infective stage: trophozoites
Diagnostic Stage: trophozoites
DOC: metronidazole

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11
Q

Watery-foul smelling greenish vaginal discharge accompanied with itching and burning

Strawberry Cervix

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

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12
Q

Blood and tissue protozoa
Asexual life cycle: schizogony and gametogony
Sexual life cycle: sporogony

A

Plasmodium

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13
Q

Plasmodium
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:

A

Infective stage: sporozoites

Diagnostic Stage: trophozoites

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14
Q

Malignant tertian
Asexual cycle of 48hours
Banana-shaped gametocytes
Causes cerebral malaria

A

P. Falciparum

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15
Q 
Benign tertian
Asexual cycle of 48hours
Large round gametocytes
Rbc preference: young RBCs
With relapse
A

P. Vivax

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16
Q 
Benign tertian
Asexual cycle of 48hours
Small round gametocytes
Rbc preference: young RBCs
With relapse
A

P. Ovale

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17
Q 
Benign quartsn
Asexual cycle of 72hours
Compact gametocytes
Rbc preference: old RBCs
With recrudescence
A

P. Malariae

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18
Q

Recurrence of symptoms after a temporary abatement

P. Falciparum and P. Malariae

A

Recrudescence

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19
Q

Return of a disease after its apparent cessation due to reactivation of hypnozoites

P. Ovale and P. Vivax

A

Relapse

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20
Q

Used to screen for the presence of organisms in Malaria

A

Thick Smear

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21
Q

Used for species identification in Malaria

A

Thin smear

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22
Q

Punctate granulations present in RBCs invaded by P. Ovale and P. Vivax

A

Schuffner Dots

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23
Q

Coarse granulation present in RBCs invaded by P. Falciparum

A

Maurer Dots

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24
Q

Fine dots present in RBCs invaded by P. malariae

A

Ziemann Dots

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25
DOC for P. vivax and P. Ovale
Chloroquine plus Primaquine
26
Toxoplasma Gondii Definitive host: cats Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC:
Infective stage: fecal oocyst Diagnostic Stage: trophozoite (bradyzoite) DOC: sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine
27
Blood and tissue protozoan Transmitted by reduviid bug Cardiac muscle is the most frequently and severely affected tissue
Trypanosoma Cruzii
28
Trypanosomia Cruzi Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC:
Infective stage: metacyclic trypomastigotes Diagnostic Stage: trypomastigotes in blood DOC: nifurtimox
29
Blood and tissue protozoan Remarkable antigenic variation Transmitted by: Tsetse fly
Trypanosoma Brucei
30
Trypanosoma Brucei Infective stage: Diagnostic stage:
Infective stage: metacyclic trypomastigotes | Diagnostic Stage: trypomastigotes in blood
31
Primary amebic meningiencephalitis Acquired while swimming in contaminated pools
Naegleria fowleri
32
Only ciliated protozoan to cause human disease Associated with pigs Round based, wide necked intestinal ulcers
Balantidium coli
33
Transmitted by Ixodes tick Intraerythrocytic ring shaped trophozoites in tetrads in the form of Maltese cross
Babesia Microti
34
Transmitted by sandfly/Phlebotomus Infective promastigotes
Leishmania
35
Most common and largest intestinal nematode Giant roundworm Soil-transmitted helminth Dx: kato-katz technique, direct fecal smear
Ascaris Lumbricoides
36
``` Ascaris lumbricoides Transmission: Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC: ```
Transmission: ingestion of eggs Infective stage: embryonated egg Diagnostic Stage: unembryonated egg DOC: albendezole
37
Principal site of tissue reaction of Ascaris lumbricoides
Lungs (inflammation with an eosinophilic exudate)
38
Blood sucking nematode Soil-transmitted Causes microcytic anemia and hypoalbuminemia Ground itch at site of entry
Necator Americanus | Ancylostoma duodenale
39
``` Necator americanus and Ancylostoma Transmission: Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC: ```
Transmission: larvae penetrate skin Infective stage: filariform larvae Diagnostic Stage: eggs in feces DOC: albendazole
40
Whipworm Soil-transmitted helminth Kato-katz: barrel shaped eggs with bipolar plugs Diarrhea may lead to rectal prolapse
Trichiuris trichiura
41
``` Trichiuris trichiura Transmission: Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC: ```
Transmission: ingestion of eggs Infective stage: embryonated egg Diagnostic Stage: unembryonated egg DOC: mebendazole
42
Most common Soil transmitted helminth in developed countries Pinworm; seatworm Perianal pruritus Life cycle is confined to humans Graham scotch tape technique: D shaped eggs
Enterobius Vermicularis
43
``` Enterobius Vermicularis Transmission: Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC: ```
Transmission: ingestion or inhalation of eggs Infective stage: embryonated egg Diagnostic Stage: unembryonated egg DOC: Pyrantel Pamoate
44
Facultative parasite; thread worm Soil-transmitted helminth Harada-Mori Culture Penetrates intestinal wall directly without leaving host and migrates to the lungs
Strongyloides stercoralis
45
``` Strongyloides stercoralis Transmission: Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC: ```
Transmission: larvae penetrate skin Infective stage: filariform larvae Diagnostic Stage: rhabtidiform larvae DOC: ivermectin
46
Onky nematode whose life cycle involves a migratory bird Pudoc worm Kato-katz: peanut shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs
Capillaria Philippinensis
47
``` Capillaria Philippinensis Transmission: Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC: ```
Transmission: undercooked fish Infective stage: infective larvae Diagnostic Stage: unembryonated egg DOC: Albendazole
48
Most debilitating nematode infection Blood and tissue nematode Dx: Thick blood smear done at night between 8pm and 4pm
Wuchereria and Brugia
49
``` Smoothly curved Absent terminal nuclei preference: scrotal lymphatics Hydrocele More severe ```
Wuchereria Bancrofti
50
``` Kinky With terminal nuclei Preference: limb lymphatics Elephantiasis Less severe ```
Brugia Malayi
51
``` Wuchereria and Brugia Transmission: Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC: ```
Transmission: mosquito bite Infective stage: 3rd stage larvae Diagnostic Stage: microfilariae DOC: diethylcarbamazine
52
Tissue nematode Intermediate host: pigs Dx: muscle biopsy - larvae within striated muscle
Trichinella Spiralis
53
``` Trichinella Spiralis Transmission: Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC: ```
Transmission: undercooked pork Infective stage: encysted larvae Diagnostic Stage: encysted larvae DOC: thiabendazole
54
Known for causing Mazotti reaction, river blindness Transmitted by female blackfly DOC: Ivermectin
Onchocerca Volvulus
55
Oriental blood fluke Reside in the mesenteric and portal veins Intermediate host: snail (Onchomelania quadrasi) Circumoval precipitin test: Ovoid egg with small hook
Schistosoma Japonicum
56
``` Schistosoma Japonicum Transmission: Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC: ```
Transmission: cercariae penetrate skin Infective stage: cercariae Diagnostic Stage: eggs in feces DOC: praziquantel
57
Known for causing katayama fever, swimmer's itch Areas of endemicity: Sorsogon, Samar, Leyte, Oriental Mindoro, Bohol, all of mindanao except Misamis Oriental
Schistosoma Japonicum
58
Lungh fluke; Hermaphrodite Intermediate host: snail (antemelania asperata); mountain crab (sundathelphusa philippina) Dx: 3% NaOH - ovoid, thinner opercular end, thickened abopercular end
Paragonimus Westermani
59
Chronic cough with bloody sputum Cxr: ring shadow opacity Closely resembles tuberculosis Develops fibrous wall that provokes a granulomatous reaction
Pragonimus Westermani
60
``` Paragonimus Westermani Transmission: Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC: ```
Transmission: undercooked crab meat Infective stage: metacercariae Diagnostic Stage: unembryonated egg DOC: praziquantel
61
Asian liver flukes; hermaphrodite Intermediate hosts: snail (prafossarulus), fish (cyprinidae) Dx: potassium permanganate stain - ovoid with melon like ridges and abopercular protuberance
Clonorchis sinensis
62
Can cause hyperplasia and fibrosis of the biliary tract Known to cause cholangiocarcinoma, neurocirculatory dystonia
Clonorchis Sinensis
63
``` Clonorchis Sinensis Transmission: Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC: ```
Transmission: undercooked crab meat Infective stage: metacercariae Diagnostic Stage: unembryonated egg DOC: praziquantel
64
Intestinal cestodes are differentiated based in scolex and gravid proglottids
Taenia Solium: 5-10 Gravid Proglottids | Taenia Saginata: 15-25 Gravid Proglottids
65
``` Taenia Transmission: Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC: ```
Transmission: undercooked meat Infective stage: cysticerci Diagnostic Stage: gravid proglottids DOC: praziquantel
66
Known to cause neurocysticercosis, worms in vitreous humor
Taenia solium
67
Fish tapeworm; broad tapeworm Has two elongated sucking grooves for attachment Have operculated eggs Intermediate host: fish and copepods Causes megaloblastic anemia
Diphylobothrium Latum
68
``` Diphyllobothrium Latum Transmission: Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: DOC: ```
Transmission: undercooked fish Infective stage: plerocoid larvae Diagnostic Stage: unembryonated egg DOC: praziquantel
69
One of the smallest tapeworm Composed of scolex and only three proglottids Intermediate host: sheep/man Definitive host: dog If cyst ruptures, may cause life threatening anaphylaxis
Echinococcus Granulosus
70
``` Echinococcus Granulosus Transmission: Infective stage: Diagnostic Stage: Treatment: ```
Transmission: ingestion of eggs Infective stage: embryonated egg Diagnostic Stage: hydatid cysts Treatment:surgical resection, albendazole

Microbiology And Parasitology PLE (2 decks)

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