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ID Week 5 > Parasitology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Parasitology Deck (18)
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1
Q

what is symbiosis?

A

the relationship between two organisms

2
Q

what is mutalism?

A

a symbiosis in which both organisms benefit.

3
Q

what is commensalism?

A

a symbiosis in which one individual gains without having beneficial or detrimental effects on its partner

4
Q

what is parasitism?

A

a relationship between two organisms in which one derives benefit (i.e., parasite) from the other (i.e., host), usually to obtain nutrients or protection

5
Q

what is a final/definitive host?

A

host that harbors the sexually matureadult forms

6
Q

what is a intermediate host?

A

host(s) that harbor the larvae form or asexual stage of parasite

7
Q

what is a reservoir host?

A

animals that harbor the same species of parasites as humans that are potential sources of human infection

8
Q

what is a direct life cycle?

A

only one animal (human) host needed for the entire life cycle

9
Q

what is an indirect life cycle?

A

more than one animal host required for complete life cycle

10
Q

what are the different avenues for invasion of a parasite?

A
  1. digestive tract
  2. skin
  3. blood
11
Q

what are platyhelminths?

A

aka flatworms

flat body covered with a plasma membrane

mainly hermaphrodites

12
Q

what are the two types of flatworms?

A
  1. cestodes = tapeworms

2. trematodes = flukes

13
Q

what are cestodes?

A

flatworms; specifically tapeworms

long, ribbon-like bodies (segmented)

scolex head with suckers, rostellum,and/or hooks

tegument(~skin) –> absorbs nutrients from host

NO body cavity

NO digestive tract

hermaphrodites

14
Q

what are trematodes?

A

flatworms; specifically flukes

oval, leaf-shaped

unsegmented, flat body

ventral and oral suckers

asexual reproduction

blood flukes, lung flukes, liver flukes

15
Q

what’s the common name for nemathelminths/nematodes?

A

aka roundworms!

ex. roundworms
ex. hookworms
ex. strongyles
ex. whipworms
ex. filariae

16
Q

what are the characteristics of nematodes?

A

cylindrical body covered with a cuticle

cuticle prevents diffusion through body surface

full length gut

all feeding via mouth

organs lie in body cavity not in spongy tissue like flatworms

17
Q

what are protozoa?

A

simple unicellular eukaryote microorganisms (2 to 100 μm), but are complex and diverse

many are transmitted by vectors

18
Q

what are the different forms of protozoa?

A
  1. trophozoites = feeding stage

2. cysts = non-feeding stage