Parasitology Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
Type of host where parasite attains sexual maturity
A
Definitive host (TOPHUNCH)
2
Q
Type of host where parasite is at asexual or larval stage
A
Intermediate host (TOPHUNCH)
3
Q
Infected individual becomes his own direct source of infection
A
Autoinfection (TOPHUNCH)
4
Q
Most invasive species of Entamoeba
A
E. histolytica (TOPHUNCH)
5
Q
Virulence factors of Entamoeba
A
Lectin (adherence) Amebapores (penetration) Cysteine proteases (CPE) (TOPHUNCH)
6
Q
Flask shaped colon ulcers
A
Amebic colitis
7
Q
Anchovy paste-like aspirate
A
Amebic liver abscess
8
Q
DOC for amoeba cyst carrier
A
Diloxanide
9
Q
DOC for amebic colitis, amebic liver abscess
A
Metronidazole
10
Q
Falling leaf motility
A
Giardia lamblia: fecal-oral, infective cysts
11
Q
DOC for Giardia infection
A
Metronidazole
12
Q
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, excessive flatus smelling like rotten eggs
A
Acute Giardia infection
13
Q
Constipation, weight loss, steatorrhea
A
Chronic Giardia infection
14
Q
Acid fast protozoa
A
Cryptosporidium parvum: fecal-oral, infective thick-walled oocysts, AUTOINFECTION in immunocompromised (CD4<200)
15
Q
DOC for Cryptosporidium
A
Nitazoxanide
16
Q
Strawberry cervix, greenish foul-smelling vaginal discharge
A
Metronidazole
17
Q
DOC for Trichomoniasis
A
Metronidazole
18
Q
Asexual: schizogony, gametogony; Sexual: sporogony
A
Plasmodium: Anopheles vector, infective sporozoites, diagnostic trophozoites (ring form)
19
Q
Diseases immune to malaria
A
G6PD, Sickle cell
20
Q
Benign quartan fever
A
Plasmodium malariae (72hrs)
21
Q
Malignant tertian fever
A
P. falciparum: 48hrs, banana-shaped gametocytes, cerebral malaria, recrudescence, NO relapse, many drug resistance
22
Q
Benign tertian fever
A
P. vivax, P. ovale: 48hrs, YES Relapse, round gametocytes (vivax large, ovale small)
23
Q
Diagnosis for Malaria
A
Thin and thick smears with Giemsa, highest yield sample taken during fever or 2-3hrs after peak
24
Q
Maurer dots
A
coarse granulations, falciparum (coMMa-shaped, falciparuM)
25
Schuffner dots
punctate granulations, ovale vivax (SOVrang daming dots!)
26
Ziemann dots
fine dots, malariae
27
constipation, weight loss, steatorrhea
cerebral malaria (TOPHUNCH)
28
Blackwater fever
acute renal failure in malaria (TOPHUNCH)
29
Algid malaria
septic shock in malaria (TOPHUNCH)
30
DOC for falciparum and malariae
Chloroquine
31
DOC for vivax and ovale
Chloroquine + Primaquine
32
Drug for severe cases or pregnant malaria patients
Quinidine or quinine
33
Malarial drug responsible for eradication of hypnozoites
Primaquine
34
Atovaquone-Proguanil
Malarone (alternative drug for uncomplicated, chloroquine-resistant falciparum)
35
Prophylaxis for malaria without resistance
Chloroquine
36
Prophylaxis for malaria with resistance to DOC
Malarone, Mefloquine
37
Prophylaxis for malaria with MDR
Doxycycline
38
Prophylaxis for terminal vivax and ovale infections
Primaquine
39
Heterophil-negative mononucleosis, tachyzoites, bradyzoites (diagnostic stage), preferred diagnostic test is IgM antibody
Toxoplasma gondii: definitive host domestic cat, transmission ingestion of cysts in raw meat and contaminated food, transplacentally
40
Hydrocephalic neonate, encephaitis, chorioretinitis, hepatosplenomegaly, abortion, stillbirth
Congenital toxoplasmosis (Recall TORCH); HP: intracranial calcifications
41
DOC for Toxoplasmosis
Sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine
42
Vector for disease causing megacolon and megaesophagus in its chronic disease state
Reduviid bug (Triatoma) vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, Infective Metacyclic Trypomastigote, Cardiac muscle most frequently and severely affected tissue
43
Romana sign
Periorbital edema in Acute Chagas Disease, along with Chagoma (nodules forming near the bug bite)
44
DOC for Chagas disease
Nifurtimox
45
Vector for disease causing cyclical fever spike (q2 weeks), demyelinating encephalitis in ARAS, brainstem, causing somnolence, coma and death
Tsetse fly (Glossina) vector for Trypanosoma brucei
46
Winterbottom sign, Kerandel sign, Mott cells
African sleeping sickness; Winterbottom: posterior CLAD, Kerandel: hyperesthesia, Mott: plasma cells with cytoplasmic Ig globules causing encephalitis
47
DOC for African Sleeping Sickness
Suramin (for blood-borne), Melarsoprol (CNS penetration). It SURe is nice to go to SLEEP. MELAtonin helps with SLEEP. (TOPHUNCH)
48
Pyradinium bahamense
Dinoflagellate causing red tide
49
Red tide syndromes and toxins
Paralytic: Saxitoxin (15mins, facial paresthesia, respiratory failure); Neurotoxic: Brevetoxin (15mins, facial paresthesia, ataxia, slurred speech); Diarrhetic: Okadaic acid (30mins, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abd pain); Amnesic: Domoic acid (30mins, diarrhea, st memory loss, seizures)
50
DOC for red tide
Neostigmine and edrophonium to improve muscle weakness AFTER ABCs and gastric lavage with activated charcoal
51
Granulomatous amebic encephalitis
Acanthamoeba castellanii
52
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis
Naegleria fowleri
53
Only ciliated protozoan to cause human dusease, associated with pigs, causes round-based wide-necked intestinal ulcers
Balantidium coli (Balantidial dysentery)
54
Vector in Babesiosis
Ixodes tick for Babesia microti; Maltese cross = intraerythrocytic ring-shaped trophozoites in tetrads
55
DOC for Leishmaniasis
Stibo gluconate; Vector: sandfly (Phlebotomus); Leishmania donovani (kala-azar), tropica (cutaneous), brazieliensis (mucocutaneous)
56
DOC for Taenia solium, Taenia saginatum, Diphyllobotrium latum
Praziquantel
57
DOC for Echinococcus granulosus
Albendazole
58
Rostellum present
Taenia solium (pork): uterine branches in gravid proglottid 5-10 (vs. 15-25 in saginata and 3 in Echinococcus)
59
Taenia that can cross blood brain barrier and cause seizures
Taenia solium (pork) causes Neurocysticercosis, with bonus worms in vitreous humor
60
Infective stage of fish tapeworm
Plerocercoid larvae
61
Vitamin deficiency and anemia associated with D. latum
B12 deficiency, megaloblastic
62
Dog as definitive host, infective Embryonated egg, hydatid cysts are diagnostic, cysts deposit in liver, lungs, and brain, and when these rupture = anaphylaxis. Causative organism?
Echinococcus granulosus
63
PAIR procedure for Echinococcus
Puncture Aspiration Injection Reaspiration
64
Most common tapeworm in developed countries, dwarf tapeworm, with eggs that are directly infectious
Hymenolepsis nana: polar filaments, six-hooked larva
65
Rat tapeworm
Hymenolepsis diminuta
66
Barrel-shaped proglottids, most common tapeworm of dogs and cats
Dipylidium caninum
67
DOC for Taenia solium, Taenia saginatum, Diphyllobotrium latum
Praziquantel
68
DOC for Schistosoma, Paragonimus, Clonorchis
Praziquantel
69
Intermediate host for Schistosoma
Oncomelania hapensis quadrasi
70
Intermediate host for Paragonimus
Antemelania asperata
71
Systemic hypersensitivity resembling serum sickness in the acute disease form of Schistosoma
Katayama fever; itching and dermatitis also present = swimmer's itch
72
Radiographic hallmark of Schistosoma
Lace-like lesions in liver
73
Raw crab source, diagnosed using 3% NaOH preparation
Paragonimus
74
Radiographic hallmark of Paragonimus
Ring-shadowed opacity in CXR
75
Infective stage of Schistosoma, Paragonimus, Clonorchis
Metacercariae
76
Diagnosis for Clonorchis, the Asian liver fluke (hyperplasia and fibrosis of biliary tract)
Embryonated egg from direct fecal smear, potassium permanganate stain "melon-like ridges"
77
Obstructive jaundice and painful pharyngitis from eating watercress
Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke)
78
Anasarca and coma (worm intoxication), gland abscesses from eating aquatic vegetation
Fasciolopsis buski (intestinal fluke)
79
Intestinal fluke that mimics PUD, from eating raw fish containing cysts
Heterophyes heterophyes (always gaya-gaya ang Phye, pati ulcer ginaya)
80
DOC for Ascaris, Ancyclostoma and Necator, Capillaria
Albendazole
81
DOC for Trichuris
Mebendazole
82
DOC for the cosmopolitan worm (most common helminth in developed countries)
Pyrantel pamoate for Enterobius
83
Infective stage for Ascariasis and Necator/Ancyclostoma
Embryonated egg (Ascaris), Filariform larvae (for the hookworms)
84
___ itch at site of entry, common for nematodes capable of penetrating the skin
"Ground itch". Hookworms and Strongyloides capable of penetrating skin, both their infective stage (filariform larvae) form serpiginous tracks (cutaneous larva migrans). If they decide to pass by the lungs = eosinophilic pneumonia
85
Anemia caused by the hookworms, due to loss of 0.25ml/day/worm
Microcytic anemia, plus a freebie: hypoalbuminemia
86
Barrel-shaped eggs with bipolar plugs "Chinese lantern egg" on Kato-Katz
Trichuris trichiura (whipworm); DO NOT CAUSE anemia, but RECTAL PROLAPSE (which do you prefer?)
87
DOC for whipworms
Mebendazole; Masakit/Masarap Ma-whip! (whichever you prefer)
88
D-shaped eggs of Enterobius detected using this specific technique
Graham's Scotch Tape technique (because the eggs aren't in the stools, they're stuck in your perianal folds)
89
DOC for Enterobius
Pyrantel pamoate for Enterobius
90
Diagnosis of Strongyloides
Harada-Mori filter paper culture
91
DOC for Strongyloides stercoralis
Ivermectin
92
Organisms that mimic TB
Paragonimus, Histoplasma
93
Only nematode whose life cycle involves a migratory bird
Capillaria philippinensis: infective larvae, diagnostic unembryonated eggs (peanut-shaped with flattened bipolar plugs) upon Kato-katz.
94
If egg gets embryonated, autoinfection and hyperinfection causes ulcerative and compressive degeneration of enterocytes (severe malabsorption), "protein losing enteropathy"
Capillaria philippinensis
95
DOC for Capillaria
Albendazole (like Roundworm and Hookworms)
96
Elephantiasis, limb lymphatics, Southeast Asia, kinky, terminal nuclei present, Mansonia vector, less severe
Brugia malayi
97
Hydrocoele, scrotal lymphatics, Culex Aedes Anopheles, smoothly curved, absent terminal nuclei, more severe
Wuchereria bancrofti
98
Infective stage in Filariasis
3rd stage larva "L3"; Diagnosis: 1. Thick blood smear (is microfilariae curved? Kinky?) with sample obtained at night due to Nocturnal Periodicity 2. DEC provocation test
99
Small epitheliod granulomas causing nocturnal wheezing (tropical pulmonary eosinophilia) in acute filariasis
Meyers-Kouvenaar bodies
100
Only area of Mindanao without Schistosoma
Misamis Oriental
101
DOC in Filariasis
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
102
Tissue nematode, pigs as intermediate host, undercooked pork transmission. Muscle Biopsy for diagnosis, Nurse cell (encysted in muscle)
Trichinella spiralis (periorbital edema, hemorrhagic phenomena, myocarditis, encephalitis, pneumonia, respiratory myositis)
103
DOC in Trichinella
Thiabendazole
104
River blindness, hanging groin, lizard skin, female blackfly (Simulium)
Onchocerca volvulus
105
DOC in Onchocerca
Ivermectin (same with Strongyloides); lysis of worms causes Mazotti reaction, pretty same as Jarisch-Herxheimer
106
Calabar swellings (subcutaneous edema), worm crawling across the conjunctiva, deer fly or mango fly (Chrysops)
Loa Loa
107
Guinea fire worm, pruritic painful papule, live worm in skin ulcer, treatment is mechanical removal of the worm
Dracunculus medinensis
108
Dog ascaris, visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, uveitis, endophthalmitis
Toxocara canis
109
Most common cause of parasitic (eosinophilic) meningitis, undercooked seafood
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
110
Lice
Pediculus humanis and Phthirus pubis
111
Flies
Dermatobia hominis
112
Bedbugs
Cimex lectularius (erythematous wheal)
113
Mites
Sarcoptes scabei (erythematous papules, linear tracks)
114
Ticks
Dermacentor (ascending paralysis)
