Parasitology: Arthropods

Question 1

What are the general characteristics of order insecta?

Answer 1

Adults have 6 legs and 3 body segments

Question 2

What are the 3 body segments of insecta?

Answer 2

Heady, thorax, abdomen

Question 3

What is the life cycle of insecta?

Answer 3

Metamorphosis

Question 4

What is a simple or complete metamorphosis?

Answer 4

immature stages look like small adults

Question 5

What is a complex or complete metamorphosis?

Answer 5

marked differenced in morphology & structure between adults and immature stages

Question 6

What are the general characteristics of Siphanoptera?

Answer 6

Macroscopic, usually brown
Wingless
Laterally compressed
Complex metamorphosis

Question 7

What are Siphanoptera?

Answer 7

Fleas

Question 8

What are the hosts for Ctenophalides felis

Answer 8

Dog, cat, ferrets, but many others

Question 9

Where is Ctenophalides felis found?

Answer 9

Worldwide

Question 10

What type of metamorphosis do fleas under go?

Answer 10

Complete

Question 11

At what stage are fleas parasitic?

Answer 11

Adults only

Question 12

What are immature stages of fleas called?

Answer 12

larvae

Question 13

What happens to eggs of fleas once they have been laid?

Answer 13

Fall off of host in to the environment

Question 14

What are Siphonaptera legs adapted for?

Answer 14

Jumping and running

Question 15

What do the immature stages of Ctenocephalides felis prefer in an environment?

Answer 15

High humidity and warm temperatures

Question 16

What are the stages of the Siphonaptera life cycle?

Answer 16

Adult, egg, first stage larva, second stage larvae, third stage larvae, and pupa

Question 17

How long can adults stay with in the pupa?

Answer 17

up tp 6 months

Question 18

How long does it take flea eggs to hatch usually?

Answer 18

2 days

Question 19

How long does it take the larvae to mature into the pupa form?

Answer 19

6 days

Question 20

Hoe long does it normally take under the right conditions for pupa to hatch into adults?

Answer 20

6 days

Question 21

Do female Siphonaptera need a blood meal before they can lay eggs?

Answer 21

Yes they need at least one blood meal before they can lay eggs

Question 22

What is the toughest stage of Ctenocephalides felis?

Answer 22

Pupa and they are not easily killed by pesticides

Question 23

How big are Ctenocephalides felis larvae and what do they require for nutrients?

Answer 23

2-5 mm and flea feces

Question 24

How do you diagnose Ctenocephalides felis

Answer 24

Observation of flea dirt, adult fleas on patient, and patient scratching

Question 25

What is the clinical importance of Ctenocephalides felis?

Answer 25

Cause hypersensitivity reaction to flea allergy dermatitis and can range from pruritus to hair loss, cause hotspots

Question 26

What is Ctenocephalides felis a vevctor of?

Answer 26

Tapeworms: Diplidium caninum Acanthocheilonema roconditum Bartonella henselae: cat scratch fever

Question 27

Are fleas generally species specific?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

What is the name of the rodent flea vector of Yersinia pestis?

Answer 28

Echidinophaga gallinacea (rodent fleas or sticktight flea)

Question 28

What is the name of the rodent flea vector of Yersinia pestis?

Answer 28

Echidinophaga gallinacea (rodent fleas or sticktight flea)

Question 29

What are the characteristics of Siphonaptera?

Answer 29

Macroscopic, usually brown Wingless Laterally compressed Complex metamorphosis

Question 30

What are the general characteristics of Phthiraptera?

Answer 30

Small Wingless dorso ventrally falttened White/grey & some are brown

Question 31

What are Phthiraptera?

Answer 31

Lice

Question 32

What are the 2 types of Phthiraptera?

Answer 32

Anoplura: Sucking lice in mammals only Mallophaga: Chewing, biting lice- mammals & birds

Question 33

Are lice generally species specific?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

Where are Phthiraptera found?

Answer 34

Worldwide

Question 35

What is the life cycle of Phthiraptera?

Answer 35

Incomplete/simple

Question 36

What are the stages of Phthiraptera in the life cycle?

Answer 36

egg, 1st nympth, 2nd nymph, a3rd nymph, adult

Question 37

What happens tp eggs of lice once they have been laid?

Answer 37

stuck in hairs and feathers

Question 38

What are Phthiraptera legs adapted for?

Answer 38

grasping and walking

Question 39

At what stage are Phthiraptera parasitic?

Answer 39

all stages

Question 40

What are the immature stages of Phthiraptera called?

Answer 40

nymph

Question 41

How are Phthiraptera diagnosed

Answer 41

observation of live or eggs, predilection sites Presence of clinical signs

Question 42

What are the clinical signs of Phthiraptera infestations?

Answer 42

Pruritis Hair loss/ poor hair coat & in severe cases anemia, debilitation

Question 43

What is the clinical importance of Phthiraptera?

Answer 43

infestation not common in healthy animals especially small animals uncommon in horses but easily introduced & spread Very common in large animals Wild birds: common but not seen in pet birds more common in poultry Wild mammals: commin

Question 44

What are the forms of transmission for Phthiraptera?

Answer 44

direct contact or fomites and carrier animals

Question 45

Who are more susceptible to heavy louse burdens?

Answer 45

Stressed animals are more susceptible to heavy louse burdens

Question 46

What time of year are animals more likely to have lice?

Answer 46

In the winter months because the host is warm and keep slice warm and is a food supply

Question 47

About how long is the Phthiraptera life cycle?

Answer 47

About 4 weeks

Question 48

What is the treatment of Phthiraptera?

Answer 48

Physical removal: self grooming, social grooming, other grooming. On the host adults are easy to kill but the eggs are not killed by drugs. Clean potential fomites as possible from the environment

Question 49

What does the human louse transmit?

Answer 49

Typhus

Question 50

What are the two lice that humans can have?

Answer 50

Pediculus: head & body louse Phthirus: pubic louse

Question 51

What are diptera?

Answer 51

flies

Question 52

What are the general characteristics of diptera?

Answer 52

adults have 1 pair of membranous wings complex/complete metamorphosis most do not have a parasitic stage

Question 53

Why do we dislike flies so much?

Answer 53

Fly worry Flie bites, fly bite dermititis skin damage disease transmission Some larvae are obligate prasites while others are facultative

Question 54

What species are falls under nonbiting flies?

Answer 54

Musca domestic (house fly) Musca autumnalis (face fly)

Question 55

What are the general characteristics of musca domestic?

Answer 55

not parasitic annoyance can interfere with normal behavior can serve as a mechanical disease vector eggs often laid in decaying organic material short generation times

Question 56

What are the general characteristics of Musca autumnalis?

Answer 56

females eat secretions (especially tears) for protein eggs laid in fresh manure primarilly affects ruminants and horses

Question 57

What are the importance of Musca autumnalis?

Answer 57

Fly worry irritation of the eye mucosa leading to inflammation & tearing

Question 58

What does Musca autumnalis transmit?

Answer 58

Moraxella bovis (causes bovine pink eye)

Question 59

What species fall under biting flies

Answer 59

Haematobia irritans (horn fly) Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly) Familt Tabanidae (horse/deer fly) Culicidae (mosquitoes) Stimuliidae (simulium) Culicoides spp. ( no-see-ums, midges) Hippoboscidae

Question 60

What are the general characteristics of Haematobia irritans (horn fly)?

Answer 60

small flies found on dorsum usually unless it is hot then they are on ventrum Found on cattle mostly and horses some adults are resident parasites eggs laid in fresh manure Complete life cycle in 10-12 days

Question 61

What are the importance of Haematobia irritans (horn fly)?

Answer 61

Fly worry fly bite dermatitis may carry bacterium causing mastitits

Question 62

What is the most important external parasite of cattle in the U.S.

Answer 62

Haematobia irritans (horn fly)