PARASITOLOGY BOARD EXAM (PART 2) Flashcards
(187 cards)
1
Q
Best stain for the trophozoite
A
QUENSEL’S IODINE
2
Q
Treatment of choice for invasive amoebiasis
A
METRONIDAZOLE
3
Q
Drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst passers
A
DILOXANIDE FUROATE
4
Q
a type of dysentery which has:
- acute onset
- vomiting common
- odorless stool
- w/out charcot-Leyden crystals
A
BACILLARY DYSENTERY
5
Q
a type of dysentery which has:
- Gradual dysentery
- no vomitting
- fishy odor stool
- w/ Charcot-Leyden crystals
A
AMOEBIC DYSENTERY
6
Q
E. histolystica has a __ that can attach to the __ on the surface of the epithelial cells in the intestines
A
LECTIN; N-ACETYLGALACTOSAMINE SUGARS
7
Q
no. of nucleus E. histolystica (cyst)
A
4
8
Q
no. of nucleus E. coli (cyst)
A
8
9
Q
Chromatoidal Bars of E. histolystica (cyst)
A
SAUSAGE SHAPED/ROD CIGAR SHAPED
10
Q
Chromatoidal Bars of E. coli (cyst)
A
WITCH BROOM STICK SPLINTERED/ NEEDLE LIKE ENDS
11
Q
Movement of E. histolystica (trophozoite)
A
PROGRESSIVE AND DIRECTIONAL
12
Q
Movement of E. coli (trophozoite)
A
SLUGGISH MOVEMENT
13
Q
Shape of pseudopodia (E. histolystica)
A
FINGERLIKE
14
Q
Shape of pseudopodia (E. coli)
A
BLUNT
15
Q
Nucleus (karyosome) of E. histolytica
A
CENTRAL
16
Q
Nucleus (karyosome) of E. coli
A
ECCENTRIC/PERIPHERAL
17
Q
Cytoplasm E. histolytica
A
CLEAR
18
Q
Cytoplasm E. coli
A
DIRTY
19
Q
- Small-race E. histolytica
- Only clear cut distinction is size
- No RBCs in the cytoplasm
A
ENTAMOEBA HARTMANNI
20
Q
Size of E. hartmanii (troph)
A
12 um
21
Q
Size of E. hartmanii (cyst)
A
10 um
22
Q
- Found in Intestines of pigs and monkeys
- cyst with SINGLE nucleus
A
ENTAMOEBA POLECKI
23
Q
- kissing amoeba
- associated with gum inf’xn
- aquired thru sharing utensils and kissing
A
ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS
24
Q
Troph of E. gingivalis: karyosome:
A
small and centrally-located
25
- cross eyed cyst
- large, irregular blot-like karyosome
- no peripheral chromatin
- SMALLEST AMOEBA
ENDOLIMAX NANA
26
describe Iodamoeba butchlii (troph)
ACHROMATIC GRANULES
27
describe Iodamoeba butchlii (cyst)
GLYCOGEN GRANULES
28
- causative agent of PRIMARY AMOEBIC MENINGITIS
| - aquired when swimming during hot weather in BRACKISH/FRESHWATER
NAEGLERIA FOWLERI
29
it is blunt pseudopodia, trophozoite form, found in CSF and tissue
AMOEBOID
30
pear-shaped w/ 2 anterior flagella, swimming form, found CSF
FLAGELLATE
31
Treatment of NAEGLERIA FOWLERI
- Amphotericin B
- Clotrimazole
- Azithromycin
32
-causative agent of GRANULOMATUS AMOEBIC ENCEPHALITIS
ACANTHAMOEBA SPP.
33
contaminated contact lens solution presents with ___
KERATITIS
34
describe Acanthamoeba (troph)
SPINY FILAMENTS FOR LOCOMOTION
35
describe Acanthamoeba (cyst)
DOUBLE WALLED WRINKLED CYST
36
- largest protozoan affecting human
| - only significant ciliate
BALANTIDIUM COLI
37
Reservoir host of Balantidium coli
PIGS
38
```
BALANTIDIUM COLI (troph)
-kidney-shaped, vegetative
```
MACRONUCLEUS
39
```
BALANTIDIUM COLI (troph)
-dot-like, reproductive
```
MICRONUCLEUS
40
clinical manifestation of B. coli
- Wine glass ulceration (round base and round neck)
| - asymptomatic carriers
41
culture media of Acanthamoeba spp.
PYGC Medium (Potato-Yeast Glucose Culture)
42
treatment of Acanthamoeba spp.
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE-TRIMETHOPHRIM
43
mode of transmission of B. coli
INGESTION OF CYSTS (SWINE FECES)
44
characteristics motility of B. coli
THROWN BALL/ROLLING BALL
45
- associated with gay bowel syndrome
| - only protozoan intestinal flagellate (lives in the SI of humans
GIARGIA DUODENALIS/LAMBLIA
46
only protozoa w/ a SUCKING DISK for attachment
GIARGIA DUODENALIS/LAMBLIA
47
motility of G. lamblia
falling leaf, kite-like, jerky
48
appearance of G. lamblia
old man w/ eyeglasses or smiling face
49
_ pairs of flagella and _____
4; Axostyle
50
shaped of G. lamblia
Pear-shaped/ teardrop shaped
51
characteristics of G. lamblia (cysts)
Flagella retracted to axonemes
52
pH attachment of G. lamblia
3 to 8
53
passage of greasy, frothy stool that floats on toilet water
Steatorrhea
54
The malabsorption of G. lamblia
Leningrad's curse
55
motility of Chilomastix mesnili
spiral boring, forward movement
56
best stain for C. mesnili
Iron hematoxylin
57
closely related to Trichomonas spp.
Dientamoeba fragilis
58
D. fragilis was obtained via transmission of ___ and ___
E. vermicularis and A. lumbricoides
59
clinical manifestation of D. fragilis
- Resembles Irretable Bowel Syndrome
| - Colicky abdominal pain
60
- The only pathogenic Trichomonas
- Reproduce by longitudinal binary fission
- It is called PING-PONG dse
Trichomonas vaginalis
61
females common signs and symptoms of T. vaginalis
- vaginal discharge (irritation and itchiness)
| - endotrimetritis
62
punctuate hemorrhages of cervix
Strawberry cervix
63
males common signs and symptoms of T. vaginalis
- mostly asymptomatic
| - protastits
64
most common complication of males when having T. vaginalis
Protastitis
65
the quickiest and most inexpensive way of diagnosis for T. vaginalis
Wet preparation
66
the Gold standard and the culture media of T. vaginalis
Diamond's modified medium
67
treatment and a drug of choice when pregnant
Metronidazole
68
habitat of T. vaginalis
Genetalia
69
size of T. vaginalis
largest
70
nucleus of T. vaginalis
ovoid
71
Inclusion bodies of T. vaginalis
siderophil granules
72
SOC of T. vaginalis (females)
urine or vaginal swab/discharge
73
SOC of T. vaginalis (males)
urethral discharge, prostatic secretions
74
habitat of T. tenax
oral cavity
75
size of T. tenax
smallest
76
nucleus of T. tenax
round
77
the trichomonads which there is no inclusion bodies
T. tenax and T. hominis
78
SOC of T. tenax
oral scrappings
79
habitat of T. hominis
Intestines
80
size of T. hominis
intermediate
81
nucleus of T. hominis
ovoid
82
SOC of T. hominis
Stool
83
may infect the blood, lymph nodes, muscles, reticuloendothelial system
Blood and tissue flagellates
84
a stages of development which is ovoid, devoid of flagellum
Amastigote or Leishmaniad
85
a stages of development which is elongate, kinetoplast anterior to nucleus, flagellum at anterior end of the body
Promastigote or Leptomonad
86
a stages of development which is elongated with juxtanuclear kinetoplast, short flagellum
Epimastigote or Crithidial
87
a stages of development which is postnuclear kinetoplast, long flagellum
Trypomastigote or trypanosomad
88
Stercorarian trypanosomes
Trypanosoma cruzi
89
salivarian trypanosomes
T. brucei gambiense and T. brucei baziliense
90
causative agent of chagas dse or America trypanosomiasis
Trypanosoma cruzi
91
characteristics shaped of T. cruzi
C-shaped
92
infective stage of T. cruzi
Trypomastigote
93
diagnostic stage of T. cruzi
Amastigote
94
habitat of T. cruzi
RES, cardiac muscle, CNS
95
vectors of T. cruzi
reduuvid bugs, kissing b ugs, assassin, diatomine bugs
96
vectors of T. cruzi where can be found in the Philippines
Triatoma rubrofasciata
97
diagnosis T. cruzi
- xenodiagnosis
| - culture
98
culture media for T. cruzi
Weinmans medium or chang's medium
99
the most common complications of T. cruzi
Megacolon
100
the vectors of the T. brucei gambiense and T. brucei rhodesiense
tse-tse fly (Glossina)
101
swelling of lymph nodes at the back of the neck or below the chin
Winterbottom signs
102
frequently infects CNS and more pathogenic among the trypasomes
Gambiense
103
diagnosis for T. brucei gambiense and T. brucei rhodesiense
CATT (Cart Agglutination Test for Trypasomiasis)
104
collection method if the px is at febrile stage
blood and lymph nodes
105
collection method if the px is at sleeping stage
CSF
106
the causative agent of
- Visceral leishmaniasis
- Dumdum fever
- Kala-azar dse/ Black dse
Leishmania donovani
107
vectors of the leishmania spp.
phlebotomus, lutzomyia
108
pathogenesis of Leishmania donovani
splenomegalyn and severe anemia
109
diagnosis for Leishmania donovani
- culture
| - screening test (FORMOL GEL TEST)
110
culture media use for Leishmania donovani
NNN (NICOLE-NOVY-MCNEAL)
111
how to conduct the screening test of formol gel test to detect the positive result of the Leishmania donovani
1mL serum + 1 drop of formalin = (+) gel formation
112
causative agent of
- Old world cutaneous leishmania
- Delhi boils
- Pian Boils
- Uta sore
Leishmania tropica
113
- agent of New world cutaneous Leishmania
| - chiclero ulcers
-Leishmania mexicana
114
pathongenesis of the Leishmania tropica
localized cutaneous infection (macule-papule)
115
Agent of
- new world mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
- Espundia
- wheeping lesions
Leishmania braziliensis
116
pathogenesis of Leishmania braziliensis
wheeping lesions
117
Diagnosis for the Leishmania braziliensis
Dr montenegro's test
118
largest group of apicomplexan protozoans falling under class
Conoidasida
119
infective stage of the coccidians
Oocyst
120
produces Oocyst (Coccidians)
sexual cycle or SPOROGONY
121
Produces merozoites (Coccidians)
Asexual cycle or SCHIZOGANY
122
development of macro and micro gametocytes
Gametogony
123
its a self-limiting diarrhea
Cryptosporidium hominis
124
Oocyst of Cryptosporidium hominis are containing _ sporozoites (waterborne transmission)
4
125
diagnosis for Cryptosporidium hominis
- Sheathers-Sugar-Flotation
- Stool examination
- Kinyouns Acid Fast Staining
126
using Kinyouns Acid Fast Staining the Oocyst appears as
RED/PINK DONUTS IN A BLUE BACKGROUND
127
thought to be a member of cynobacteria due to showing PHOTOSYNTHESIZING ORGANELLES and AUTOFLORESCING PARTICLES
Cyclospora cayatenensis
128
Cyclospora cayatenensis originally called
Cyanobacterium Like Body (CLB)
129
clinical manifestation of Cyclospora cayatenensis
D-xylose malabsorption
130
Oocyst are autoflourescent and appear as ___ circles
Blue/Green
131
- causative agent of cytoisosporiasis
| - maybe asymptomatic or may present as self -limiting gastroenteritis
Cytoisospora Belli
132
Diagnosis for Cytoisospora Belli
Zinc Floatation/ Sheathers Sugar or AFS
133
common cause of congenital infections
Toxoplasma Gondii
134
most common manifestation of Toxoplasma Gondii
Encephalitis
135
still birth and abortion may result when mothers acquire the infection during ___ trimester of pregnancy
1st-2nd
136
Definitive host of Toxoplasma Gondii
Cat: Sporogony
137
intermediate host of Toxoplasma Gondii
human: Schizogany
138
the inactive form of the Toxoplasma Gondii
Bradyzoites
139
the active form Toxoplasma Gondii
Tachyzoites
140
laboratory diagnosis of Toxoplasma Gondii
- methylene blue
| - Sabin-Fieldman Dye (most common)
141
most common to isolate
Sarcocystis spp.
142
the simplest form of the sarcocycystis
Zoite
143
the definitive host of the Sarcocystis
Man
144
definitive diagnosis for Sarcocystis
sarcocysts in tissue specimen
145
confirmatory stain for Sarcocystis
PAS/ Acid Fast
146
leading parasitic dse that causes mortality worldwide
Malaria
147
clinical manifestation of plasmodium
- cold/hot paroxysm
- diaphoresis
- sever hemolysis
148
asexual cycle ( schizogany ) of the plasmodium
- HUMANS
| - Formation of merozoites
149
sexual cycle (Sporogony) of the Plasmodium
- MOSQUITOS
| - formation of sporozoites (IS)
150
principal vector of Plasmodium
Ano Minimus var Flavirostris
151
secondary vector of Plasmodium
- Litoralis
- Balabacenas
- mangyanus
- maculatus
152
Definitive host (Plasmodium)
Female anopheles mosquito- IS: Gametocytes
153
intermediate host (Plasmodium)
Man- Infective stage: sporozoites
154
these parasite reinvade the liver cells forming hypnozoites
P. vivax and P. ovale
155
merozoites of P. falciparum become ___ in the RBCs and modify the structural and antigenic properties of the cell
Trophozoites
156
mixed infection of the plasmodium
P. vivax and P. falciparum
157
Diagnosis for Plasmodium spp
- Thick and thin smear (giemsa and wright)
- Histidine-Rich Protein 2
- Parasite Lactase Dehydrogenase
158
obtain smears for px suspected Plasmodium spp. every _ and _
6 to 8 hrs
159
produced by P. falciparum (MALAquick)
Histidine-Rich Protein 2
160
distinguish between P. falciparum and non-P. falciparum (Optimal)
Parasite Lactase Dehydrogenase
161
- treatment for Plasmodium spp
| - mainstay antimalarial treatment
Chloroquine
162
resistant to malaria
G6PD, Fy (a-b-), sickle cell dse
163
pigments in P. vivax
Schauffners
164
pigments in P. falciparum
Maurer's
165
pigments in P. malariae
Ziemanns
166
pigments in P. ovale
James
167
of Merozoites in P. vivax
10-22
168
of Merozoites in P. falciparum
6-20
169
of Merozoites in P. malariae
4-8 (rosettes)
170
of Merozoites in P. ovale
8-12
171
shape of gametocytes (P. vivax)
Spherical
172
shape of gametocytes (P. falciparum)
Banana or Cresent
173
shape of gametocytes (P. malariae)
Spherical
174
shape of gametocytes (P. ovale)
Large oval
175
infected RBCs of (P. vivax)
enlarged
176
infected RBCs of (P. falciparum)
normal
177
infected RBCs of (P. malariae)
normal/small
178
infected RBCs of (P. ovale)
- irregular edges
| - enlarged
179
late trophozoite (P. vivax)
amoeboid/Irregular
180
late trophozoite (P. falciparum)
comma-shaped
181
late trophozoite (P. malariae)
band form
182
late trophozoite (P. ovale)
round
183
- MALTESE CROSS formation
| - resembles P. falciparum rings
Babesia microti
184
Definitive host for Babesia microti
Deers
185
Accidental Host for Babesia microti
Human
186
mode of transmission (for Babesia microti)
nodes tick bite or blood tranfusion
187
causes "RED WATER FEVER" in cattle
Babesia bigemia
