Parasitology Module 1 Flash Card Definitions

Question 1

Parasitism

Answer 1

Relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other, sometimes without killing the host organism.

Question 2

Ectoparasite

Answer 2

Parasite living on or in the skin

Question 3

Endoparasite

Answer 3

Parasite of internal organs of host

Question 4

Obligate Parasite

Answer 4

Parasite that depends on the host

Question 5

Commensalism

Answer 5

A guest benefits from the host without harming it

Question 6

Mutualism

Answer 6

Dissimilar organisms live together to their common advantage

Question 7

Symbiosis

Answer 7

relationship between organisms of different species in which both complement
each other physiologically and are interdependent

Question 8

Pre-Patency

Answer 8

describes the period between infection with a parasite and the demonstration of the parasite in the body especially as determined by the recovery of an infective form from the blood or feces.

Question 9

Patency

Answer 9

when direct evidence of the parasite can be detected (in the patient’s blood, feces, or secretions)

Question 10

Endemic

Answer 10

Pathogen or disease is common in a defined, e.g. group of animals (humans) or geographic region

Question 11

Incidence

Answer 11

New infections in a defined time

Question 12

Prevalence

Answer 12

Number of infections in relations to the total population

Question 13

Morbidity

Answer 13

proportion of patients with a particular disease

Question 14

Mortality

Answer 14

Death rate in a population

Question 15

Ctencephalides felis

Answer 15

Cat flea

Question 16

Facultative parasite

Answer 16

Parasite that lives only occasionally on or in the host

Question 17

Opportunistic parasite

Answer 17

Parasite that infects/infests a host under favorable conditions (impaired immune defense)

Question 18

Definitive host

Answer 18

Host in which sexual reproduction occurs

Question 19

Intermediate host

Answer 19

Host in which the parasite passes obligatory through as part of the development

Question 20

Paratenic host

Answer 20

Host harboring larval stages of the parasite (usually Infection stages) which do not develop further or multiply

Question 21

Main host

Answer 21

Host in or on which a parasite species is most frequently found

Question 22

Infection

Answer 22

the invasion of an organism’s body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of the host tissues to the infectious agents and their toxins

Question 23

Indirect infection

Answer 23

Host organism gets infection via water, food or via vector

Question 24

Direct infection

Answer 24

Pathogen from animal to animal (human to human) or between human animal (zoonosis)

Question 25

Infestation

Answer 25

the presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, typically so as to cause damage or disease.

Question 26

Vector

Answer 26

an organism that does not cause disease itself but which spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another

Question 27

Zoonotic

Answer 27

a disease that can be transmitted from animals to people

Question 28

Morphology

Answer 28

study of the form and structure of an organism

Question 29

Ctenocephalides felis

Answer 29

Cat flea

Question 30

Metamorphosis

Answer 30

the process of transformation from an immature form to an adult form in two or more distinct stages.

Question 31

Flea development parasitic stage

Answer 31

stages of development of flea that occur on the host

Question 32

Flea development environmental stages

Answer 32

stages of development of flea that occur off of the host

Question 33

Bartonella henselae

Answer 33

bacteria that is the causative agent of “Cat Scratch Disease”

Question 34

Dipylidium caninum

Answer 34

Cucumber tapeworm

Question 35

Yersinia pestis

Answer 35

bacteria that is the cause of the plague

Question 36

Flea Allergy Dermatitis

Answer 36

an allergic reaction, the body’s immune system overreacts or is hypersensitive to a substance (called an antigen) from flea saliva that is normally harmless

Question 37

Flea morphology

Answer 37

reddish brown in color, flattened side to side, 1/12 to 1/6 inch long, 3 pairs of legs, 3 body segments, biting-sucking mouthparts

Question 38

Insect Growth Regulator (IGR)

Answer 38

a substance (chemical) that inhibits the life cycle of an insect

Question 39

Flea eggs appear?

Answer 39

24-36 hours after first blood meal

Question 40

Larva appear?

Answer 40

1-10 days after egg deposit and have a 5-12 day lifespan

Question 41

Geotaxis

Answer 41

the motion of a motile organism or cell in response to the force of gravity

Question 42

Phototaxis

Answer 42

the bodily movement of a motile organism in response to light, either toward the source of light or away from the source of the light

Question 43

Flea cocoon takes how long to build?

Answer 43

5-14 days

Question 44

Survival in cocoon can be how long?

Answer 44

12 months

Question 45

Flea “Waiting Stage”

Answer 45

Pre-emerged Adult

Question 46

Emergence of pre-emerged adult time?-

Answer 46

10 days to 6 months

Question 47

Flea Adult

Answer 47

Sexual stage of flea life cycle

Question 48

Flea adult duration on host

Answer 48

up to a month

Question 49

Microhabitats of fleas

Answer 49

bedding, resting sites, thick carpets, furniture, flower beds, dog houses, rodent dens

Question 50

Factors that cause constant re-infestation of pets:

Answer 50

* Adult flea infestation on domestic and feral cats and dogs * Adult flea infestation on urban/suburban small mammals * Delayed development (pre-emerged adults) in freeze protected areas around homes and wildlife dens * Delated development of pupa and emergence of adults in in-home environments

Question 51

Circadian rhythm

Answer 51

are physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle. They respond primarily to light and darkness in an organism's environment.

Question 52

Inter host movements occur why?

Answer 52

* Multi-pet households with close interaction between animals * Interaction between treated and untreated animals, esp. in multi-pet households * Movement from dead host * From prey to carnivore

Question 53

In-apparent carrier

Answer 53

Carrier state that exists with no clinical appearance of infection

Question 54

Anemia

Answer 54

lack of red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to tissues or organs

Question 55

Pruritus

Answer 55

itch

Question 56

Alopecia

Answer 56

hair loss

Question 57

Hyperkeratosis

Answer 57

thickening of the outer layer of the skin