Parasympathetic Nervous System Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are cholinergics?
Stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system
What are cholinergics also called?
Cholinergic agnoists
Parasympathomimetics
Muscarinic agonists
What are the 2 types of cholinergic receptors?
Muscarinic (parasympathetic responses)
Nicotinic (n and m - skeletal muscles )
What are the major uses of cholinergic drugs?
Stimulate the bladder
Stimulate the GI tone
Constrict the pupils
Treatment of Alzheimers and Myasthenia Gravis
Decreases HR & BP
Increases salivary and bronchial secretions
What is the suffix for cholinergics?
- chol
What is bethanechol?
Elicits parasympathetic responses (activates muscarinic receptors )
Used to relieve urinary retention
Adverse effects of bethanechol?
Diarrhea Excessive salivation Constricted pupils Bronchoconstriction Bradycardia
What is acetylcholinesterase?
An enzyme that stops the action of acetylcholine
What is the primary NT of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
What are cholinesterase inhibitors (AChE inhibitors)?
Inhibit acetylcholinesterase so Ach concentration can increase and work
Considered a parasympathomimetic agent
What is the suffix of AChE inhibitors?
- stigmine
What is neostigmine?
Short acting, poorly crosses membranes so it is given IV, IM, SQ
What is physostigmine?
Can be given orally
Treats Myasthenia Gravis
Treatment of atropine (or anticholinergic) toxicity
Causes Ach to build up at muscarinic junctions
Adverse effects of AChE inhibitors?
Bradycardia Hypotension Constricted pupils Abdominal cramping Excess saliva Diarrhea
Are AChE inhibitors parasympathomimetics?
Yes
What is a cholinergic crisis?
Life threatening overdose of cholinesterase inhibitors (AChE inhibitors)
What is the antidote for a cholinergic crisis?
Atropine Sulfate (anticholinergic drug)
How to identify a cholinergic crisis?
S: salivation L: lacrimation U: urination (relaxed internal sphincter) D: diarrhea G: GI distress E: emesis
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that produces antibodies that attack nicotinic receptors, so there is lack of skeletal muscle movement due to lack of Ach being able to act on those receptors
What are the symptoms of MG?
Ptosis Difficulty swallowing Difficulty breathing Skeletal muscle weakness Rapid fatigue
What are anticholinergics?
Inhibit the action of acetylcholine
What are anticholinergics also called?
Parasympatholytics
Antimuscarinic agents
What are the major responses of giving anticholinergic drugs?
Increased pulse rate Decreased GI motility Relaxation of bronchi Decrease in salivation Dilation of pupils
Commonly used anticholinergic agents?
Atropine*** Oxybutynin Scopolamine Ipratropium Dicyclomine
