Parc 2 Flashcards by Sandra Prieto

Protocol layering, packet switching, routing and data streaming are the principles on which

Distributed Systems

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The computers and other devices that use the network for communication purposes are referred
to as

Host

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the delay that occurs after a send operation is executed before data starts to arrive at the
destination computer in network performance

Latency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This term is used to refer to any computer or switching device attached to a network

Node

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the speed at which data can be transferred between two computersin the network once
transmission has begun.

Data transfer rate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is a single communication subsystem providing communication between all of the hosts that
are connected to it, where the internet is constructed from many subnets.

Internet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

They carry messages at lower speeds between nodes that are often in different organizations and
may be separated by large distances.

Wans

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The end-to-end communication must provide totally error-free, the detection of communication
errors and their correction is that we call

Reliability

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is a sequence of binary data (an array of bits or bytes) of restricted length, together with
addressing information sufficient to identify the source and destination computers.

simplest form of packet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is a unit of routing (delivering data from one part of the Internet to another)

Subnet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This type of network is based on the high handwidth copper and fibre optic cabling recently
installed in some towns and cities for the transmission of video, voice and other data over
distances of up to 50 kilometers

Man’s

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is defined as the ability to meet deadlines when transmitting and processing streams of real
time multimedia data.

Quality of service

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is a communication subsystem in which several networks are linked together to provide
common data communication facilities that overlay the technologies and protocols of the
individual component networks and the methods used for their interconnection.

Internetwork

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is why many network technologies support the simultaneous transmission of messages to
several recipients.

Multicasting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The IEEE 802.16 WIMAX standard is targeted at this class of network. It aims to provide an
alternative to wired connections to home and office buildings

WMANS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is referred to as the transmission and display of audio and video in real time. It requires much
higher bandwidths than most other forms of

communication in distributed systems

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Message passing between a pair of processes can be supported by two message communication
operations:

send and receive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In this form of communication, the use of the send operation is non- blocking, the receive
operation can have blocking and non-blocking variants.

asynchronous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

We can describe this as the guaranteed to be deliver the message despite a reasonable number of
packets being dropped or lost.

Reliability

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Both forms of communication (UDP and TCP) use Which provides an endpoint for communication
between processes

socket abstraction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In this form of communication, the sending and receiving processes synchronize at every message.
In this case, both send and receive are blocking operations

synchronous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Any process may make use of multiple of these elements to receive messages, but a process
cannot share them with other processes on the same computer.

Ports

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This consist of transmitting a message between a socket in one process and a socket in another
process.

Interprocess communication

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is sent by UDP is transmitted from a sending process to a receive process without
acknowledgement or retries.

Datagram

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Messages may be dropped occasionally, either because of a checksum error or because no buffer space is available at the source or destination, it's called

Omission failures

This defines reliable communication for channels in terms of two properties. integrity and validity

Failure model

This was originated from BSD 4.x UNIX and provides the abstraction of a stream of bytes to which data may be written and from which data may be read

API to the TCP protocol

This assume that when a pair of processes are establishing a connection, one of them plays the client role and another plays the server role, but thereafter they could be peers

API for stream communication

The TCP protocol uses an acknowledgement scheme. If the sender does not receive an acknowledgement with a time out, it retransmits the message and this is performed when

Lost messages

The TCP protocol attempts to match the speeds of the processes that read from and write to a stream, this is called:

Flow contro

These items transmitted in messages can be data values of many different types, and not all computers store primitive values such as integers in the same order

individual primitive

This is the process of taking a collection of data items and assembling or disassembling (respectively) into a form suitable for transmission in a message.

Marshalling and Unmarshalling

They are three alternative approaches to external data representation

XML, CORBA’s y Java’s object serialization

The first one was designed for defining the appearance of web pages while the second one was designed for writing structured documents for the Web

HTML was designed

They are tagged with 'markup strings. The tags are used to describe the logical structure of the data and to associate attribute-value pairs with logical structures

XML data items are tagged with ‘markup’ strings

XML is in the sense that users can define their own tags, in contrast to HTML, which uses a fixed set of tags

XML is extensible

They are composed of a number of personal devices such as mobile phones, tablets, digital cameras, music players and so on that are now carried by many people.

WPANs

They are generally used to hold the video frames, but because the flow is continuous as opposed to the intermittent traffic generated by typical client-server interactions and are handled somewhat differently.

UDP internet packets

In this type of network, most mobile phone networks are based on digital wireless network technologies such as the GSM standard, which is used in most countries of the world..They are specifically designed to provide high bandwidth and low latencies and to support quality of service by the reservation of network resources

WWANs

This is a transmission technique that involves no switching, everything is transmitted to every node, and it is up to potential receivers to notice transmissions LNFH-A subnet addressed to them.

ATM networks

In this type of switching, each packet arriving at a node is first stored in memory at the node and then processed by a program that transmits it on an outgoing circuit, which transfers the packet to another node that is closer to its ultimate destination.

Packet switching

Their operation was simple to understand, when a caller dialed a number, the pair of wires from her phone to the local exchange was connected by an automatic switch at the exchange to the pair of wires connected to the other party's phone

Circuit switching

This is used to refer to a well-known set of rules and formats to be used for communication between processes in order to perform a given task

term protocol

The task of dividing messages into packets before transmission and reassembling them at the receiving computer is usually performed in the transport layer.

Packet assembly

They are software-defined destination points at a host computer. They are attached to processes, enabling data transmission to be addressed to a specific process at a destination node.

Ports

This is a numeric identifier that uniquely identifies a host computer and it to be located by nodes that are responsible for routing data to it.

network address

When a pair of nodes connected to two separate networks need to communicate through another type of network or over an alien protocol, they can do so by constructing a protocol under a scheme of:

Tunne0

This is a function that is required in all networks except those LANs, such Ethemet, that provide direct connections between all pairs of attached hosts

Routing

A unified addressing scheme between different networks that enables packets to be addressed to any host connected to any subnet is an necessary element to build

internetwork

This must lend itself to the development of a flexible and efficient routing but the addresses themselves cannot contain very much of the information needed to route a packet to its destination.

addressing scheme

It is based upon the permanent allocation of a normal IP address to each mobile host on a subnet in its home domain.

Mobile IP

The purpose of this is to monitor and control all communication into and out o fan intranet

Firewall

This is a markup language that was defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) for general use on the Web.

XML

The structure of an XML document is defined by pairs of these elements enclosed in angle brackets.

HTML

They define the name of values associate to tags in XML schemes.

R.- defines the elements and attributes that can appear in a document

This is used to enable clients to communicate with web services and for defining the interfaces and other properties of web services.

XML

All of the information in XML elements must be expressed as character But the question is: how do we represent encrypted elements or secure hashes?

Binary Data

Every start tag has a matching end tag and all tags are correctly nested, these are:

Basic Rule

This is a set of names for a collection of element types and attributes that is referenced by a URL.

XML namespace

This defines the elements and attributes that can appear in a document. how the elements are nested and the order and number of elements, and whether an element is empty or can include text.

XML schema

This protocol is based on a trio of communication primitives: doOperation, getRequest and sendReplay.

The request-replay protocol

This scheme involves the management of messages and requires that each message have a unique element by which it may be referenced

Message Identifiers

In this form of communication, the use of the send operation is non- blocking, the receive operation can have blocking and non-blocking variants.

the asynchronous

reasonable number of packets being dropped or lost.

Reliability

Both forms of communication (UDP and TCP) use provides an endpoint for communication between processes

Sockets

In this form of communication, the sending and receiving processes synchronize at every message. In this case, both send and receive are blocking operations

the synchronous

Any process may make use of multiple of these elements to receive messages, but a process cannot share them with other processes on the same computer.

computer has a large number

This consist of transmitting a message between a socket in one process and a socket in another process.

Interprocess communication

This is sent by UDP is transmitted from a sending process to a receive process without acknowledgement or retries.

Datagram

Messages may be dropped occasionally, either because of a checksum error or because no buffer space is available at the source or destination, it's called

Omission failures

This defines reliable communication for channels in terms of two properties. integrity and validity. MNES) This was originated from BSD 4.x UNIX and provides the abstraction of a stream of bytes to which data may be written and from which data may be read

Failure Model

This assume that when a pair of processes are establishing a connection, one of them plays the client role and another plays the server role, but thereafter they could be peers

API for stream communication

The TCP protocol uses an acknowledgement scheme. If the sender does not receive an acknowledgement with a time out, it retransmits the message and this is performed when

Lost messages

The TCP protocol attempts to match the speeds of the processes that read from and write to a stream, this is called:

Flow Control

These items transmitted in messages can be data values of many different types, and not all computers store primitive values such as integers in the same order.

Individual primitive

This is the process of taking a collection of data items and assembling or disassembling (respectively) into a form suitable for transmission in a message. (20) They are three alternative approaches to external data representation.

Marshalling and Unmarshalling

The first one was designed for defining the appearance of web pages while the second one was designed for writing structured documents for the Web

HTML