Parcial 1

Question 1

Is a physiological process associated with growth in which the tooth move from its original position eithe

Question 2

Is takes place inside the bone and there is only a lateral displacement from the point of origin of the dental lámina towards the covering gum

Answer 2

Pre-eruptive phase

Question 3

_____has connective tissue and remains of the dental lámina that cross the bone during the eruption of the tooth

Answer 3

The gubernacular core

Question 4

Manu osteoclasts appear in the __________ that will enlarge this canal for the passage

Answer 4

Gubernacular cord

Question 5

It begins when 50%/75% of the tooth root is formed. There is an intense vertical displacement which allows the tooth to move towards the mucosa

Answer 5

Pre-functional phase

Question 6

It begins at the tooth makes contact with the antagonist and begins to perform the chewing function. The duration of this phase is the entire life of the tooth, since the chewing functionally produces abrasión on the occlusal surface and contact points between the teeth.

Answer 6

Functional phase

Question 7

It is the absence of one or more dental organs and is a common development anomaly in both dentitions, it is the result of a disorder of the dental lámina which prevents the formation of the tooth germ. The absence is often bilateral

Answer 7

Agenesis

Question 8

It is a alteration in the eruptive trajectory of de dental organ leading to its impaction against the adjacent tooth. Ectopic teeth are found in unusual postions or displaced from their normal anatomical location. The presence of an ectopic tooth can lead to malocclusion

Answer 8

Ectopic eruption

Question 9

It is the change in the position of two adjacent teeth in relation to their roots in the same quadrant of the dental arch which can lead and inverted eruption position and alter the normal sequence of eruption. They are generally unilateral, more frequent in the upper arch

Answer 9

Transposition

Question 10

Despite of having been fully formed they have not emerged in the mouth during the usual period, and they can remain partially or completely inside the jaw bone

Answer 10

Impacted teeth

Question 11

Formation abnormalities may be due to systemic alterations that begins in childhood or early adolescence

Answer 11

Systemic factors

Question 12

Tooth abnormalities caused by systemic disease include

Answer 12

Alterations in the number of teeth, structural defects of enamel, dentin and cementum and in some cases variations in tooth size

Question 13

The appearance of skeletal development disorders due to hereditary factors in some cases manifests at birth and in others they develop during childhood or adolescence

Answer 13

Genetic factors

Question 14

Dental anomalies can also occur due to a local cause for example: specific blow, such as trauma during tooth development or it may be of idiopathic etiology

Answer 14

Environmental factors

Question 15

Any alteration in the bone growth of the maxilla or mandible and in the dental positions that impede the correct function of the chewing system with the subsequent consequence that this dysfunction has on the teeth themselves the gums and the bones that support them the temporomandibular joint and facial aesthetics

Answer 15

Maloclussion

Question 16

Father of orthodontic

Answer 16

Edward H. Angle

Question 17

Maloclussion etiology

Answer 17

General factors and local factor

Question 18

Molar classification

Answer 18

Class 1: mesio buccal cuspide of the first permanent upper molar occludes with the bucal grove of the first permanent lower molar
Class 2: mesio buccal cúspide of the 1st permanent upper molar occludes in front of the buccal groove of the first permanent lower molar
Class 3: mesio buccal cuspide of the 1st permanent upper molar occludes behind of the buccal groove of the first permanent lower molar

Question 19

Are occupied by the dental papilla

Answer 19

Embrasure

Question 20

Canine classification

Answer 20

Class 1: the cusp of the upper canine occludes between the embrasure of the lower canine and the lower first premolar
Class 2: the cusp of the upper canine occludes in front of the embrasure of the lower canine and the lower first premolar
Class 3: the cusp of the upper canine occludes behind the embrasure of the lower canine and the lower first premolar

Question 21

Is the absence of formation of three or more dental organs

Answer 21

Hypodontia

Question 22

Teeth that appearance in addition of the regular number of teeth

Answer 22

Supernumerary teeth

Question 23

It’s cabaracterized by having more teeth than the regular number of teeth

Answer 23

Hyperdontia

Question 24

Supernumerary between two upper incisors

Answer 24

Mesiodens

Question 25

Is applied to teeth that are smaller than the limits of variation considered normal

Answer 25

Microdontia

Question 26

True generalized microdontia

Answer 26

En todos los dientes

Question 27

Relative generalized microdontia

Answer 27

3 a 5 dientes

Question 28

Localized microdontia

Answer 28

1 a 2 dientes

Question 29

Is applied to the teeth that are bigger than the limits of variation considered normal

Answer 29

Macrodontia

Question 30

True generalized macrodontia

Answer 30

Gigantism, pituitary, hemifacial hypertrophy

Question 31

Relative generalized macrodontia

Answer 31

Size of the teeth bigger than the jaw

Question 32

Localized microdontia

Answer 32

Un diente

Question 33

Is the union of two developing teeth into a single structure with two independent pulp canals

Answer 33

Fusion

Question 34

From a single enamel organ two teeth form or attempt to form and normally there is only one pulp canal.

Answer 34

Germination

Question 35

It’s an excessive root angulation and may be the result of a trauma in the deciduous dentition

Answer 35

Dilaceration

Question 36

Also called invaginated tooth. This development anomaly is a lingual invagination of the enamel and can occur in primary and permanent teeth

Answer 36

Dens in dent

Question 37

Is defined as the union/fusion between a tooth and the alveolar bone

Answer 37

Ankylosis

Question 38

It’s a hereditary disorder of enamel formation affecting primary and permanent dentitions

Answer 38

Imperfect amelogenesis

Question 39

Thera are 3 types of aimperfect melogenesis

Answer 39

1. Hypoplasic 2. Hypoclasified 3. Hypomaduration

Question 40

The enamel does not have normal thickness in certain areas or in its enteriery

Answer 40

Hypoplasia

Question 41

The enamel has a normal thickness but is fragile and can be easily removed

Answer 41

Hypocalcified

Question 42

The thickness of the enamel is normal but it doesn’t have a normal hardened and transparency and opaque spots appear on the incisal edges of the teeth

Answer 42

Hypomaturation

Question 43

Its is an inherited disorder characterized by abnormal dentin formation and abnormal pulp morphology

Answer 43

Dentin dysplasia

Question 44

Dentin dysplasia is divided in two

Answer 44

Type 1 root dentin dysplasia Type 2 coronal dentin dysplasia

Question 45

Teeth are affected in both dentitions. The teeth have a normal color and in some cases may present a bluish or brown transparency in the cervical region. The roots of the teeth are short, blunt, bulging, conical, or absent

Answer 45

Type 1 root dentin dysplasia

Question 46

Both the primary and permanent dentition are affected in this type of dysplasia, however the appearance of the temporary teeth is different from the permanent teeth. Primary teeth clinically show a bluish gray, brown or yellowish color and have a translucent or opalescent appareance, the permanent teeth appear clinically normal and the roots in both dentitions are normal

Answer 46

Type 2 coronal dentin dysplasia

Question 47

Is that specific area of dental practice that has as its responsability th study and supervision of the growth and the development of the dentition and its related anatomical structures from birth to dental maturity, including all preventive and corrective procedures of dental irregularities requiring the repositioning of teeth by functional or mechanical means to establish normal occlusion and pleasing facial contours

Answer 47

Orthodontics

Question 48

Orthodontics classification

Answer 48

Preventive orthodontics Interceptive orthodontics Corrective orthodontic

Question 49

The objective is to act before the appearance of malocclusions when the diagnosis indicates that they are going to occur and will alter the normal development of the dental and maxillary/ mandible organs. It is usually applied at young ages to avoid possible malocclusion

Answer 49

Preventive orthodontics

Question 50

Preventive Orthodontics trade

Answer 50

Caries control care of deciduos dentition Eruption monitoring and space maintainer. Early recognition of oral habits Removal of supernumerary and retained decidious teeth

Question 51

Space maintainers in preventive orthodontic

Answer 51

Nance bottom (maxillary ) Lingual arch (mandible) Band an loop

Question 52

Preventive orthodontics edad

Answer 52

3-6 years

Question 53

Interceptive orthodontics edad

Answer 53

7-11 years

Question 54

Corrective orthodontic edad

Answer 54

12 to adults

Question 55

The aimed is to correct bad dental positions or habits that are occurring but they still be treated to change their evolution. It is used where a bad position or habit have already been established but they can still be corrected. It serves to prevent the growth of the craniofacial complex from developing abnormally and its applications have to do with both the teeth and the entire maxillary/ mandibular complex

Answer 55

Interceptive orthodontics

Question 56

Bad oral habits mention

Answer 56

- thumb sucking - mouth breather - onychophagy - tongue thrusting - lip bitting

Question 57

Interceptive orthoodntic trade

Answer 57

Serial extraction Correction of developing crossbite Control of oral habits Removámoos of supernumerary and ankyloses teeth

Question 58

It is applied when the malocclusion has already been establish and has altered the normal course of the dentofacial complex. Fixed appliances (braces) are used to restore functional and aesthetic anatomical normality

Answer 58

Corrective orthodontics

Question 59

Types of orthodontic appliances

Answer 59

Ceramic/ sapphire Lingual Invisalign Metalic Self- ligating

Question 60

Skeletal classification

Answer 60

Class 1 straight Class 2 convex Class 3 concave

Question 61

The most common space loss occurs within __ consecutive months after the loss of a primary tooth

Answer 61

6

Question 62

Teeth have a strong tendency to move mesially even before they erupt into the mouth, this phenomenon has been called the

Answer 62

Mesial thrust tendency

Question 63

The provision of an appliance which is concerned only with the control of space loss, considering measures to supervise the dentition development

Answer 63

Space maintenance

Question 64

Appliances used to maintain space or regain the mayor amount of space so that they can guide the eruption of the permanent teeth into a proper position

Answer 64

Space maintainers

Question 65

Space maintainers functions

Answer 65

- maintain arch lenght and perimeter - prevent space loss - prevent development of malocclusions o reduce its severity

Question 66

Ideal characteristics of the space maintainers

Answer 66

Simple Strong and stable Passive Do not increase the risk of Carie’s development

Question 67

Types of space maintainers: unilateral

Answer 67

Band and loop

Question 68

Space maintainers: bilateral

Answer 68

Lower lingual arch Trans palatal arch Nance bottom Removable acrylic appliance

Question 69

For permanent teeths, in the lower arch, bilateral

Answer 69

Lower lingual arch

Question 70

It’s design is of bilateral bands on molars that are connected by a heavy wire that rests on the cingulum of the anterior incisors

Answer 70

Lower lingual arch

Question 71

It’s design is made of bilateral bands on the first molars that are connected by a heavy wire, and the arch wire is directed towards the palatal surface and is embedded in a acrylic bottom resting on the soft tissue

Answer 71

Nance appliance

Question 72

It’s design is made of bilateral on the first molars that are connected by a heavy wire that transverse the hard palate without touching soft tissue. Although it is easier to clean than the nance appliance but it is not as stable especially when bilateral second primary molar are missing

Answer 72

Transpalatal arch

Question 73

There has been a loss of more than one tooth in a quadrant and the permanent molars haven’t erupted yet

Answer 73

Removable acrylic appliance

Question 74

The extraction of deciduous teeth to achieve greater aligment of the permanent dentition

Answer 74

Pierre fauchard

Question 75

It’s a timed planned sequential extraction of certain deciduos teeth followed by the removal of specific permanent teeth in order to guide the eruption permanent teeth into a favorable position

Answer 75

Serial extraction

Question 76

When there is an excess of tooth material, compared to the arch lenght, specific extraction of some teeth has to be done so that the rest of teeth can be guide to a normal occlusion

Answer 76

Arch lenght/ tooth size discrepancy

Question 77

Human dentition shows a physiologic tendency to move towards an extraction space. But if we choose to remove some specific teeth, the rest of them which are in the eruption process, will be guide by the natural forces into extraction spaces

Answer 77

Physical tooth movement

Question 78

Serial extraction indications

Answer 78

Premature loss of primary teeth Class 1 maloclussion Crowded maxillary and mandibular incisors Arch lenght deficiency and tooth size discrepancy

Question 79

Serial extraction contraindications

Answer 79

Severe class II or class III maloclussion Cleft palate cases Extensive caries of first permanent molar

Question 80

Serial extraction methods

Answer 80

Dewel method Tweed method Nance method

Question 81

Extraction of deciduous canines, followed by deciduous first molars an finally first premolars

Answer 81

Dewel method

Question 82

Extraction of deciduous first molar, followed by first premolars and then deciduos canines

Answer 82

Nance method

Question 83

Extraction of deciduous first molar, followed by the first premolars then the decidious canines and laterals

Answer 83

Tweed method

Question 84

Is a routine behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur unconsciously

Answer 84

Habit

Question 85

Is the amount of force that is applied to the teeth while the habit is performed

Answer 85

Intensity

Question 86

Means the age at which the child get the habit, and the time spent by the child to do the habit per day (hours/day)

Answer 86

Duration

Question 87

Means how many times the patient do the habit per day

Answer 87

Frequency

Question 88

Is the placement of the thumb or more fingers in the oral cavity with repeated and forceful sucking movements associated with strong buccal and lip contraction

Answer 88

Thumb sucking

Question 89

Treatment of thumb sucking

Answer 89

Non appliance reminder Removable palatal crib Fixed palatal crib

Question 90

Abnormal tongue function and posture that cause many maloclussion. The effect and management at early stages may be helpful to prevent future severe skeletal malocclusions