Parenteral Route of Drug Administration II

Question 1

What are the drug products that are administered via IM?

Answer 1

1. aqueous
2. oil solutions
3. suspensions

Question 2

What are the most common areas for the intramuscular route of administration?

Answer 2

buttocks, thigh, deltoids

Question 3

Drug administered IM are more slowly absorbed than ….

Answer 3

SC

Question 4

What are the stages of drug absorption from IM?

Answer 4

1. Release of drug from the dosage form
2. Absorption from ICF into the blood and the lymphatic fluids
3. Transport from local blood volume to general circulation

Question 5

Where are SC injections delivered?

Answer 5

1. highly vascular
2. loose connective tissue

Question 6

Where is the intradermal route administered?

Answer 6

in the corium; between epidermis and the dermis

Question 7

What is an example of an intradermal route?

Answer 7

allergic test or TB testing

Question 8

When is intra-arterial injections used?

Answer 8

1. premature infants
2. liver cancer patients

Question 9

Why is the intra-arterial route rarely used?

Answer 9

arteries are not readily accessible and the surgery is quite risky

Question 10

Drugs should be in what type of solution in oder for the formulation to be administered into this area < 10 mL?

Answer 10

aqueous solutions

Question 11

Diluents containing what should not be used in intrathecal injections or high doses of methotrexate therapy?

Answer 11

preservatives

Question 12

What is the purpose of delivering drugs through intraspinal injections?

Answer 12

allows delivery of drugs which otherwise would not cross the BBB

Question 13

Which type of administration is used for anesthesia during child birth, antibiotics for meningitis, giving chemotherapy or withdrawing fluid for diagnostic purposes?

Answer 13

Intraspinal

Question 14

Where are intraarticular injections given?

Answer 14

in the synovia fluid of the joint cavity of the knee

Question 15

What type of solutions are administered through intraarticular injections?

Answer 15

suspension or aqueous solution

Question 16

What is an example of a type of drug that is given through intraarticular injections?

Answer 16

corticosteroid

Question 17

What are the different intraocular injection sites?

Answer 17

1. intracameral
2. intravitreal

Question 18

What is intracameral?

Answer 18

into anterior chamber of the eye (0.1 to 1 mL)

Question 19

What is intravitreal?

Answer 19

into the vitreous humor, behind the lens (Vol < 0.1 mL)

Question 20

What are the critical quality attributes?

Answer 20

1. must be sterile
2. free particulate contaminants
3. Must be physically and chemically stable
4. IV injections must be isotonic with physiological solution
5. Rapid and predictable clinical effects

Question 21

The type of formulations can control the rate of what?

Answer 21

absorption of the active pharmaceutical ingredient

Question 22

What are examples of aqueous solutions?

Answer 22

Rapid acting insulins (Novolog and Apidra)

Question 23

What are examples of powder solutions?

Answer 23

Cefuroxime for injection

Question 24

What are examples of suspensions?

Answer 24

Long-acting insulins (Lantus) and Methylprednisolone (corticosteroids)

Question 25

What are examples of powder for suspensions?

Answer 25

Impienem and Cilastatin

Question 26

What are examples of emulsions?

Answer 26

antipsychotic ziprasidone (Geodon, Propofol, and USP)

Question 27

What is the most commonly used sterile water for injection?

Answer 27

sterile 0.9% w/v sodium chloride solution

Question 28

What is used if the drug product has poor solubility in water?

Answer 28

ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol

Question 29

If the drug is hydrophobic what is used in the drug product that has poor solubility in water?

Answer 29

vegetable oils, ethyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, and polyoxyethylene

Question 30

What are antimicrobial substances added to injectable products to prevent growth of microorganisms especially in multiple dose preparations?

Answer 30

preservatives

Question 31

What are some solvents that can be used as preservatives?

Answer 31

1. Ethanol 2. Glycerol 3. Propylene Glycol

Question 32

What causes gasping syndrome?

Answer 32

Benzyl alcohol poisoning

Question 33

What should you avoid using as a preservative in the water for injections used to make neonate products?

Answer 33

benzyl alcohol

Question 34

True or False: Preservatives should be added to large volume parenteral infusions, intraocular and intrathecal injections

Answer 34

False; should not

Question 35

What are some common preservatives used in injectable products?

Answer 35

1. Benzalconium Chloride 2. benzoic Acid 3. Benzyl Alcohol 4. Chlorocresol 5. Cresol 6. Chlorobutanol

Question 36

Antioxidants can also be used to prevent what by oxidation?

Answer 36

degradation

Question 37

What are examples of antioxidants?

Answer 37

Vitamin C and Vitamin E

Question 38

What is the advantage of transparent containers?

Answer 38

the pharmacist would be able to visually inspect the preparation

Question 39

What is the advantage of non-transparent containers?

Answer 39

will prevent degradation of a light-sensitive drug product

Question 40

What is the advantage of Type 1 or Borosilicate glass containers?

Answer 40

durabillity and resistant to shock

Question 41

What are examples of sterilization techniques for parenteral preparations?

Answer 41

1. Wet heat (autoclaving) 2. Dry heat 3. Filtration 4. Gas sterilization 5. Ionizing radiation